Replace the renderer with a modern, module version. (#7)

* New Vulkan Renderer Module & Associated Fixups

imgui.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[Window][Debug##Default]
+Pos=876,8
+Size=315,195
+Collapsed=0
+DockId=0x00000008,0
+
+[Window][Dear ImGui Demo]
+Pos=1193,178
+Size=62,25
+Collapsed=0
+DockId=0x00000007,0
+
+[Window][Game module window]
+Pos=1193,8
+Size=62,50
+Collapsed=0
+DockId=0x00000004,0
+
+[Window][Time]
+Pos=1193,60
+Size=62,49
+Collapsed=0
+DockId=0x00000005,0
+
+[Window][Active Modules]
+Pos=1193,111
+Size=62,65
+Collapsed=0
+DockId=0x00000006,0
+
+[Docking][Data]
+DockNode        ID=0x00000001 Pos=1196,188 Size=379,195 Split=X
+  DockNode      ID=0x00000008 Parent=0x00000001 SizeRef=652,419 HiddenTabBar=1 Selected=0x55954704
+  DockNode      ID=0x00000009 Parent=0x00000001 SizeRef=129,419 Split=Y
+    DockNode    ID=0x00000002 Parent=0x00000009 SizeRef=219,34 Split=Y Selected=0xFC1D20C0
+      DockNode  ID=0x00000004 Parent=0x00000002 SizeRef=219,64 Selected=0xFC1D20C0
+      DockNode  ID=0x00000005 Parent=0x00000002 SizeRef=219,62 Selected=0xE75A179E
+    DockNode    ID=0x00000003 Parent=0x00000009 SizeRef=219,31 Split=Y Selected=0xEE305C78
+      DockNode  ID=0x00000006 Parent=0x00000003 SizeRef=219,142 Selected=0xEE305C78
+      DockNode  ID=0x00000007 Parent=0x00000003 SizeRef=219,55 Selected=0xE87781F4
+

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@ FILE(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES
         core/src/*.cpp
         shadow-renderer/src/*.cpp
         shadow-reflection/src/*.cpp
+        shadow-utility/src/*.cpp
         )
 FILE(GLOB_RECURSE HEADERS
         core/inc/*.h
         shadow-renderer/inc/*.h
         shadow-reflection/inc/*.h
+        shadow-utility/inc/*.h
         )
 
 add_library(shadow-engine SHARED ${SOURCES} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:imgui>)
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ target_include_directories(shadow-engine
             core/inc
             shadow-renderer/inc
             shadow-reflection/inc
+            shadow-utility/inc
         ${glm_SOURCE_DIR}
         INTERFACE
             ${imgui_SOURCE_DIR}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/core/Module.h

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #define UMBRA_MODULE_H
 
 #include "SHObject.h"
-#include <SDL_events.h>
+#include "SDL_events.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.h"
 
 namespace ShadowEngine {
 
@@ -29,13 +30,17 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
         /// <summary>
         /// update is called each frame
         /// </summary>
-        virtual void Update() = 0;
+        virtual void Update(int frame) = 0;
+
+        virtual void Recreate() = 0;
 
         virtual void PreRender() = 0;
 
-        virtual void Render() = 0;
+        virtual void Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) = 0;
 
-        virtual void LateRender() = 0;
+        virtual void LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) = 0;
+
+        virtual void OverlayRender() = 0;
 
         virtual void AfterFrameEnd() = 0;
 
@@ -52,6 +57,21 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
         };
     };
 
+    /**
+     * A class especially for modules that are renderers.
+     * Allows the engine to access state from the renderer independent of implementation.
+     */
+    class RendererModule : public Module {
+    public:
+        // Begin the render pass using the given commands.
+        // Will call out through the regular modules to gather geometry to render.
+        virtual void BeginRenderPass(const std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderCommand>& commands) = 0;
+
+        virtual void EnableEditor() = 0;
+
+        virtual VkExtent2D GetRenderExtent() = 0;
+    };
+
 } // ShadowEngine
 
 #endif //UMBRA_MODULE_H

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/core/ModuleManager.h

@@ -11,22 +11,29 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
     public:
         std::shared_ptr<Module> module;
         std::string domain;
+
+        // Reinterpret this module as if it were a Renderer Module.
+        // A shortcut for `std::static_pointer_cast<std::shared_ptr<RendererModule>>(ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->GetModule("renderer"))
+        std::shared_ptr<RendererModule> operator->() const { return std::static_pointer_cast<RendererModule>(module); }
     };
 
     class ModuleManager {
     public:
-        static ModuleManager *instance;
+        static API ModuleManager *instance;
+        static ModuleManager* getInstance() { return instance; }
 
         std::list<ModuleRef> modules;
+        ModuleRef renderer;
 
         ModuleManager();
 
         ~ModuleManager();
 
-        void PushModule(std::shared_ptr<Module> module, std::string domain);
+        void PushModule(const std::shared_ptr<Module>& module, const std::string& domain);
 
-        Module &GetModule(std::string name);
+        Module &GetModule(const std::string& name);
 
+        /*
         template<typename T>
         T *GetModuleByType() {
             for (auto &module: modules) {
@@ -35,15 +42,19 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
             }
             //SH_CORE_ERROR("Can't find the module {0}", T::Type());
             return nullptr;
-        }
+        } */
 
         void Init();
 
-        void Update();
+        void Update(int frame);
 
-        void LateRender();
+        void LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame);
 
-        void Render();
+        void OverlayRender();
+
+        void Recreate();
+
+        void Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame);
 
         void PreRender();
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/core/SDL2Module.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "Module.h"
 #include "ShadowWindow.h"
 
-#include <SDL.h>
+#include "SDL.h"
 
 namespace ShadowEngine {
 
@@ -23,11 +23,15 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
 
         void PreInit() override;
 
-        void Update() override;
+        void Update(int frame) override;
 
-        void Render() override;
+        void Recreate() override;
 
-        void LateRender() override;
+        void Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override;
+
+        void OverlayRender() override;
+
+        void LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override;
 
         std::string GetName() override;
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/core/ShadowApplication.h

@@ -68,6 +68,6 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
         void Init();
         void Start();
 
-
+        void PollEvents();
-    };
+	};
 }

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/core/ShadowWindow.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <SDL.h>
+#include "SDL.h"
 
 namespace ShadowEngine {
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/core/Time.h

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
+
+#include "exports.h"
+
 class Time
 {
-	static int NOW;
 
 public:
-	static int LAST;
+    static API int NOW;
+	static API int LAST;
 
-	static double deltaTime;
+	static API double deltaTime;
-	static double deltaTime_ms;
+	static API double deltaTime_ms;
+
+    static API double timeSinceStart;
+    static API double startTime;
 
 	static void UpdateTime();
 };

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/debug/DebugModule.h

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 #ifndef UMBRA_DEBUGMODULE_H
 #define UMBRA_DEBUGMODULE_H
 
-#include <SDL_events.h>
+#include "SDL_events.h"
 #include "core/Module.h"
+#include "imgui.h"
 
 namespace ShadowEngine::Debug {
 
@@ -17,15 +18,19 @@ namespace ShadowEngine::Debug {
         bool active;
 
     public:
-        void Render() override;
+        void Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override {};
 
         void PreInit() override {  };
 
         void Init() override  {  };
 
-        void Update() override {  };
+        void Recreate() override {};
 
-        void LateRender() override {  };
+        void OverlayRender() override;
+
+        void Update(int frame) override {  };
+
+        void LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override {  };
 
         void AfterFrameEnd() override {  };
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/inc/exports.h

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #  if defined(EXPORTING_SH_ENGINE)
-#    define SH_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#    define API __declspec(dllexport)
 #  else
-#    define SH_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#    define API __declspec(dllimport)
 #  endif
 #else // non windows
 #  define SH_EXPORT

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/src/core/App2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+#include "ShadowApplication.h"
+
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"
+#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
+#include "time.h"
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "imgui_impl_vulkan.h"
+#include "imgui_impl_sdl.h"
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+#include "vlkx/render/Camera.h"
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/ScreenRenderPass.h"
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.h"
+#include "vlkx/render/Geometry.h"
+#include "temp/model/Builder.h"
+
+#define CATCH(x) \
+    try { x } catch (std::exception& e) { spdlog::error(e.what()); exit(0); }
+
+namespace ShadowEngine {
+
+    struct SkyboxTransform {
+        alignas(sizeof(glm::mat4)) glm::mat4 value;
+    };
+
+    struct PlanetTransform {
+        alignas(sizeof(glm::mat4)) glm::mat4 model;
+        alignas(sizeof(glm::mat4)) glm::mat4 projection;
+    };
+
+    struct Light {
+        alignas(sizeof(glm::vec4)) glm::vec4 dirTime;
+    };
+
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager> passManager;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderCommand> renderCommands;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::UserPerspectiveCamera> camera;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::UniformBuffer> light;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::PushConstant> skyboxConstant;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::PushConstant> planetConstant;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkxtemp::Model> skyboxModel;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkxtemp::Model> planetModel;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkxtemp::Model> asteroidModel;
+
+    float aspectRatio;
+
+	ShadowApplication* ShadowApplication::instance = nullptr;
+	
+	ShadowApplication::ShadowApplication(int argc, char* argv[])
+	{
+		instance = this;
+
+		if(argc > 1)
+		{
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+			{
+				std::string param(argv[i]);
+				if(param == "-no-gui")
+				{
+					this->no_gui = true;
+				}
+                if(param == "-game")
+                {
+                    this->game = argv[i+1];
+                }
+			}
+		}
+
+		//game = _setupFunc();
+	}
+
+
+	ShadowApplication::~ShadowApplication()
+	{
+	}
+
+	void ShadowApplication::Init()
+	{
+        // Initialize SDL. SDL_Init will return -1 if it fails.
+        if ( SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ) < 0 ) {
+            //std::cout << "Error initializing SDL: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+            //system("pause");
+            // End the program
+            //return 1;
+        }
+
+        window_ = new ShadowWindow(800,800);
+
+        CATCH(VulkanManager::getInstance()->initVulkan(window_->sdlWindowPtr);)
+
+        renderCommands = std::make_unique<vlkx::RenderCommand>(2);
+
+        IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+        ImGui::CreateContext();
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO(); (void)io;
+
+        // Setup Dear ImGui style
+        ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+
+        VkDescriptorPool imGuiPool;
+        VulkanManager* vk = VulkanManager::getInstance();
+        VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[] =
+                {
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1000 },
+                        { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, 1000 }
+                };
+
+        VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {};
+        pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+        pool_info.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT;
+        pool_info.maxSets = 1000 * IM_ARRAYSIZE(pool_sizes);
+        pool_info.poolSizeCount = (uint32_t)IM_ARRAYSIZE(pool_sizes);
+        pool_info.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;
+        vkCreateDescriptorPool(vk->getDevice()->logical, &pool_info, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imGuiPool);
+
+        // Setup Platform/Renderer backends
+        ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForVulkan(window_->sdlWindowPtr);
+        ImGui_ImplVulkan_InitInfo init_info = {};
+        init_info.Instance = vk->getVulkan();
+        init_info.PhysicalDevice = vk->getDevice()->physical;
+        init_info.Device = vk->getDevice()->logical;
+        init_info.QueueFamily = vk->getDevice()->queueData.graphics;
+        init_info.Queue = vk->getDevice()->graphicsQueue;
+        init_info.PipelineCache = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        init_info.DescriptorPool = imGuiPool;
+        init_info.Subpass = 1;
+        init_info.MinImageCount = vk->getSwapchain()->images.size();
+        init_info.ImageCount = vk->getSwapchain()->images.size();
+        init_info.MSAASamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+        init_info.Allocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        init_info.CheckVkResultFn = nullptr;
+
+        vlkxtemp::ModelBuilder::ShaderPool pool;
+
+        renderCommands = std::make_unique<vlkx::RenderCommand>(2);
+        skyboxConstant = std::make_unique<vlkx::PushConstant>(sizeof(SkyboxTransform), 2);
+        planetConstant = std::make_unique<vlkx::PushConstant>(sizeof(PlanetTransform), 2);
+        light = std::make_unique<vlkx::UniformBuffer>(sizeof(Light), 2);
+
+        aspectRatio = (float) window_->Width / window_->Height;
+
+        vlkx::Camera::Config conf {};
+        camera = vlkx::UserPerspectiveCamera::create( {}, {}, { 110, aspectRatio });
+
+        using vlkxtemp::ModelBuilder;
+
+
+        const vlkx::RefCountedTexture::CubemapLocation skybox {
+                "resources/planets/bg",
+                {
+                        "left.png", "right.png",
+                        "top.png", "bottom.png",
+                        "front.png", "back.png"
+                }
+        };
+
+        skyboxModel = ModelBuilder {
+            "Skybox", 2, aspectRatio,
+            ModelBuilder::SingleMeshModel { "resources/planets/skybox.obj", 1,
+                { { ModelBuilder::TextureType::Cubemap, { { skybox } } } }
+            }}
+            .bindTextures(ModelBuilder::TextureType::Cubemap, 1)
+            .pushStage(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT)
+            .pushConstant(skyboxConstant.get(), 0)
+            .shader(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, "resources/planets/skybox.vert.spv")
+            .shader(VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, "resources/planets/skybox.frag.spv")
+            .build();
+
+        planetModel = ModelBuilder {
+            "Walrus", 2, aspectRatio,
+            ModelBuilder::SingleMeshModel {"resources/walrus/walrus.obj", 1,
+                {{ ModelBuilder::TextureType::Diffuse, { { "resources/walrus/texture.png" } } } }
+            }}
+            .bindTextures(ModelBuilder::TextureType::Diffuse, 2)
+            .uniform(VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, {{1, 1}})
+            .uniformBuffer(1, *light)
+            .pushStage(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT)
+            .pushConstant(planetConstant.get(), 0)
+            .shader(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, "resources/walrus/walrus.vert.spv")
+            .shader(VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, "resources/walrus/walrus.frag.spv")
+            .build();
+
+        passManager = std::make_unique<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager>(vlkx::RendererConfig { 2 });
+
+        passManager->initializeRenderPass();
+
+        skyboxModel->update(true, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->extent, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, *passManager->getPass(), 0);
+        int cursorX, cursorY;
+        SDL_GetMouseState(&cursorX, &cursorY);
+        camera->setPos({ cursorX, cursorY });
+
+        planetModel->update(true, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->extent, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, *passManager->getPass(), 0);
+
+        ImGui_ImplVulkan_Init(&init_info, **passManager->getPass());
+        // Upload Fonts
+        VkTools::immediateExecute([](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) { ImGui_ImplVulkan_CreateFontsTexture(commands); }, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice());
+
+        SDL_SetRelativeMouseMode(SDL_TRUE);
+    }
+
+    void printMatrix(glm::mat4 mat) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+                std::cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
+            }
+            std::cout << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    void updateData(int frame) {
+        const float elapsed_time = Time::timeSinceStart;
+
+        const glm::vec3 lightDir{glm::sin(elapsed_time * 0.0006f), -0.3f,
+                                  glm::cos(elapsed_time * 0.0006f)};
+        *light->getData<Light>(frame) =
+                {glm::vec4{lightDir, elapsed_time}};
+        light->upload(frame);
+
+        glm::mat4 modelMatrix { 1 };
+        modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, elapsed_time * glm::radians(0.0005f), glm::vec3 { 0, 1, 0 });
+        const vlkx::Camera& cam = camera->getCamera();
+
+        const glm::mat4 view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3{3.0f}, glm::vec3{0.0f},
+                                           glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f});
+        const glm::mat4 proj = glm::perspective(
+                glm::radians(45.0f), aspectRatio,
+                0.1f, 100.0f);
+
+        glm::mat4 planetProjection = cam.getProjMatrix() * cam.getViewMatrix();
+        *planetConstant->getData<PlanetTransform>(frame) = { modelMatrix, planetProjection };
+        glm::mat4 skyboxMat = cam.getProjMatrix() * cam.getSkyboxView();
+        skyboxConstant->getData<SkyboxTransform>(frame)->value = skyboxMat;
+    }
+
+    void imGuiStartDraw() {
+        ImGui_ImplVulkan_NewFrame();
+        ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
+        ImGui::NewFrame();
+    }
+    void imGuiEndDraw(const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+        ImGui::Render();
+        ImGui_ImplVulkan_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), commands);
+    }
+
+    void showDebugWindow(std::unique_ptr<vlkx::UserPerspectiveCamera>* cam) {
+        #define camPos cam->get()->getCamera().getPosition()
+        #define camFwd cam->get()->getCamera().getForward()
+        ImGui::Begin("Camera Debug");
+        ImGui::Text("Camera position: (x %f, y %f, z %f)", camPos.x, camPos.y, camPos.z );
+        ImGui::Text("Camera target: (x %f, y %f, z %f)", camPos.x + camFwd.x, camPos.y + camFwd.y, camPos.z + camFwd.z);
+        ImGui::Text("Camera FOV: %f", cam->get()->getCamera().getFieldOfView());
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+
+    void ShadowApplication::PollEvents() {
+        SDL_Event event;
+        while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {  // poll until all events are handled!
+            ImGui_ImplSDL2_ProcessEvent(&event);
+
+            switch(event.type) {
+                case SDL_KEYDOWN:
+                    switch (event.key.keysym.sym) {
+                        case SDLK_ESCAPE:
+                            camera->reset(); break;
+                        case SDLK_w:
+                            camera->press(vlkx::Camera::Input::Up, Time::deltaTime); break;
+                        case SDLK_s:
+                            camera->press(vlkx::Camera::Input::Down, Time::deltaTime); break;
+                        case SDLK_a:
+                            camera->press(vlkx::Camera::Input::Left, Time::deltaTime); break;
+                        case SDLK_d:
+                            camera->press(vlkx::Camera::Input::Right, Time::deltaTime); break;
+                    } break;
+                case SDL_MOUSEMOTION:
+                    camera->move(-event.motion.xrel, -event.motion.yrel); break;
+
+                case SDL_MOUSEWHEEL:
+                    camera->scroll(event.wheel.y, 1, 170); break;
+                case SDL_QUIT:
+                    running = false; break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+	void ShadowApplication::Start()
+	{
+        const auto update = [](const int frame) { updateData(frame); };
+
+		while (running)
+		{
+            PollEvents();
+
+            const auto result = renderCommands->execute(renderCommands->getFrame(), VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->swapChain, update,
+            [](const VkCommandBuffer& buffer, uint32_t frame) {
+                passManager->getPass()->execute(buffer, frame, {
+                        // Render our model
+                        [&frame](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+                            planetModel->draw(commands, frame, 1);
+                            skyboxModel->draw(commands, frame, 1);
+                        },
+                        // Render ImGUI
+                        [&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+                            imGuiStartDraw();
+
+                            bool showDemo = true;
+                            //if (showDemo)
+                            //    ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&showDemo);
+
+                            showDebugWindow(&camera);
+
+                            imGuiEndDraw(commands);
+                        }
+                });
+            });
+
+            if (result.has_value())
+                throw std::runtime_error("Resizing is not implemented");
+
+            renderCommands->nextFrame();
+
+            Time::UpdateTime();
+
+            camera->active(true);
+		}
+
+        vkDeviceWaitIdle(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical);
+
+        ImGui_ImplVulkan_Shutdown();
+        ImGui_ImplSDL2_Shutdown();
+        ImGui::DestroyContext();
+
+        SDL_DestroyWindow(window_->sdlWindowPtr);
+        SDL_Quit();
+	}
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/src/core/ModuleManager.cpp

@@ -18,17 +18,18 @@ ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::ModuleManager()
 }
 
 ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::~ModuleManager()
-{
+= default;
-}
 
-void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::PushModule(std::shared_ptr<Module> module, const std::string domain)
+void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::PushModule(const std::shared_ptr<Module>& module, const std::string& domain)
 {
     ModuleRef r = {module, domain};
     modules.emplace_back(r);
+    if (domain == "renderer")
+        renderer = r;
     module->PreInit();
 }
 
-ShadowEngine::Module& ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::GetModule(std::string name)
+ShadowEngine::Module& ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::GetModule(const std::string& name)
 {
     for (auto& module : modules)
     {
@@ -72,30 +73,47 @@ void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::Event(SDL_Event* evt)
     }
 }
 
-void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::Update()
+void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::Update(int frame)
 {
     for (auto& module : modules)
     {
-        module.module->Update();
+        module.module->Update(frame);
     }
 }
 
-void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::LateRender()
+void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame)
 {
     for (auto& module : modules)
     {
-        module.module->LateRender();
+        module.module->LateRender(commands, frame);
     }
 }
 
-void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::Render()
+void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame)
 {
     for (auto& module : modules)
     {
-        module.module->Render();
+        module.module->Render(commands, frame);
     }
 }
 
+void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::OverlayRender()
+{
+    for (auto& module : modules)
+    {
+        module.module->OverlayRender();
+    }
+}
+
+void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::Recreate()
+{
+    for (auto& module : modules)
+    {
+        module.module->Recreate();
+    }
+}
+
+
 void ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::AfterFrameEnd()
 {
     for (auto& module : modules)

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/src/core/SDL2Module.cpp

@@ -21,20 +21,20 @@ void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::PreInit() {
         //return 1;
     }
 
-    _window = new ShadowWindow(800,450);
+    _window = new ShadowWindow(1280,720);
+    SDL_SetWindowResizable(_window->sdlWindowPtr, SDL_TRUE);
+    //SDL_SetRelativeMouseMode(SDL_TRUE);
 }
 
-void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::Update() {
+void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::Update(int frame) {}
 
-}
+void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::Recreate() {}
 
-void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::Render() {
+void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) {}
 
-}
+void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::OverlayRender() {}
 
-void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::LateRender() {
+void ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) {}
-
-}
 
 std::string ShadowEngine::SDL2Module::GetName() {
     return this->GetType();

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/src/core/ShadowApplication.cpp

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-#include "core/ShadowApplication.h"
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
 
+#include "core/ShadowApplication.h"
 #include "core/Time.h"
 #include "core/SDL2Module.h"
 #include "debug/DebugModule.h"
 #include "dylib.hpp"
-
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.h"
-
 #include <imgui.h>
-#include <imgui_impl_vulkan.h>
 #include <imgui_impl_sdl.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/Camera.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 
 #define CATCH(x) \
@@ -23,6 +20,8 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
 
 	ShadowApplication* ShadowApplication::instance = nullptr;
 
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderCommand> renderCommands;
+
     ShadowApplication::ShadowApplication(int argc, char* argv[])
 	{
 		instance = this;
@@ -70,23 +69,17 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
 
 	void ShadowApplication::Init()
 	{
-        spdlog::info("Starting Shadow Engine!");
+        moduleManager.PushModule(std::make_shared<SDL2Module>(),"core");
+        auto renderer = std::make_shared<VulkanModule>();
+        renderer->EnableEditor();
+        moduleManager.PushModule(renderer, "renderer");
 
         loadGame();
 
-        printf("exe side: %p \n", VulkanManager::getInstance());
-        printf("exe next ID: %llu \n", ShadowEngine::SHObject::GenerateId());
-
-        moduleManager.PushModule(std::make_shared<SDL2Module>(),"core");
         moduleManager.PushModule(std::make_shared<Debug::DebugModule>(), "core");
 
         moduleManager.Init();
-
+        renderCommands = std::make_unique<vlkx::RenderCommand>(2);
-        auto sdl2module = moduleManager.GetModuleByType<SDL2Module>();
-
-        window_ = sdl2module->_window;
-
-
 	}
 
 	void ShadowApplication::Start()
@@ -100,16 +93,14 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
                     running = false;
             }
 
-            moduleManager.Update();
             moduleManager.PreRender();
 
-            VulkanManager::getInstance()->startDraw();
+            moduleManager.renderer->BeginRenderPass(renderCommands);
-            moduleManager.Render();
-
-            moduleManager.LateRender();
-            VulkanManager::getInstance()->endDraw();
 
             moduleManager.AfterFrameEnd();
+
+            renderCommands->nextFrame();
+            Time::UpdateTime();
 		}
 
         moduleManager.Destroy();

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/src/core/Time.cpp

@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
 #include "core/Time.h"
-//#include <SDL_hints.h>
+#include <chrono>
-//#include <SDL.h>
 
-int Time::NOW = 0;//SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
+API int Time::NOW = 0;//SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
-int Time::LAST = 0;
+API int Time::LAST = 0;
-double Time::deltaTime_ms = 0;
+API double lastFrame = 0;
-double Time::deltaTime = 0;
+API double Time::deltaTime_ms = 0;
+API double Time::deltaTime = 0;
+API double Time::startTime = 0;
+API double Time::timeSinceStart = 0;
 
 void Time::UpdateTime()
 {
-    /*
+    using namespace std::chrono;
-	NOW = SDL_GetTicks();
+    auto now = system_clock::now();
-	deltaTime_ms = LAST > 0 ? (NOW - LAST) *10 : (1.0f / 60.0f);
+    auto now_ms = time_point_cast<milliseconds>(now);
-	deltaTime_ms = deltaTime_ms == 0 ? (1.0f / 60.0f) : deltaTime_ms;
 
-	LAST = NOW;
+    auto value = now_ms.time_since_epoch();
-	deltaTime = deltaTime_ms * 0.001;
+    double duration = value.count();
-    */
+
+    deltaTime = duration - lastFrame;
+    if (startTime == 0)
+        startTime = duration;
+    timeSinceStart = duration - startTime;
+
+    lastFrame = duration;
 }

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/core/src/debug/DebugModule.cpp

@@ -9,29 +9,26 @@
 
 SHObject_Base_Impl(ShadowEngine::Debug::DebugModule)
 
-void ShadowEngine::Debug::DebugModule::Render() {
+void ShadowEngine::Debug::DebugModule::OverlayRender() {
 
-    ImGui::Begin("Time", &active, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar);
+    if (ImGui::Begin("Time", &active, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar)) {
-
+        ImGui::Text("delta time in ms: %lf", Time::deltaTime_ms);
-    ImGui::Text("delta time in ms: %lf", Time::deltaTime_ms);
+        ImGui::Text("delta time in s: %lf", Time::deltaTime);
-    ImGui::Text("delta time in s: %lf", Time::deltaTime);
+        ImGui::Text("LAST time in: %d", Time::LAST);
-    ImGui::Text("LAST time in: %ld", Time::LAST);
+    }
 
     ImGui::End();
 
-    ImGui::Begin("Active Modules", &active, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar);
+    if (ImGui::Begin("Active Modules", &active, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar)) {
 
-    ShadowEngine::ModuleManager* m = ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance;
+        ShadowEngine::ModuleManager *m = ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance;
 
-
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.4f, 1.0f), "Active Modules:");
-
+        for (auto &module: m->modules) {
-    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.4f, 1.0f), "Active Modules:");
+            ImGui::Text("%s", module.module->GetName().c_str());
-    for (auto& module : m->modules)
+        }
-    {
-        ImGui::Text("%s", module.module->GetName().c_str());
     }
 
-
     ImGui::End();
 
 }

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-file-format/src/SFFParser.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "SFFParser.h"
-#include "../../shadow-utility/src/string-helpers.h"
+#include "string-helpers.h"
 
 #include <fstream>
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-file-format/test/Catch2Test.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
-#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+#include "catch2/catch.hpp"
 
 TEST_CASE("15 is less than 20", "[numbers]") {
     REQUIRE(15 < 20);

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-reflection/inc/SHObject.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
 		 * \brief Generates a new UID for each call
 		 * \return the next Unique ID that was just generated
 		 */
-		SH_EXPORT static uint64_t GenerateId() noexcept;
+		API static uint64_t GenerateId() noexcept;
 
 	public:
 		/**

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/temp/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+=====
+
+This folder exists to store VLKX renderer objects that are TEMPORARY.
+It currently contains:
+
+=====
+
+Model Loader system
+
+The Model Loader is temporarily implemented as a raw file reader and OBJ parser.
+It should be removed when the File Format system is able to parse model and texture files.
+
+====
+
+Model Abstraction system
+
+The Model Abstraction allows you to create a model with:
+ - A mesh
+ - An arbitrary number of textures
+ - A push constant
+ - An arbitrarily large uniform buffer
+ - A fragment and vertex shader
+
+In all, it contains a custom Render Pipeline that will be used to draw the model.
+This allows for drastic and visually appealing effects.
+
+It should be maintained and moved into the appropriate Shadow module once ready.
+
+====
+
+Model Builder system
+
+The model Builder allows for simple construction of Models using the Model Abstraction system above.
+It consumes the Model Loader and returns a Model Abstraction.
+
+It should be MOVED into the File Format parsing system once it is ready.

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/temp/model/Builder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h"
+#include "Loader.h"
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/GenericRenderPass.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Descriptor.h"
+
+namespace vlkxtemp {
+
+    class Model;
+
+    class ModelBuilder {
+    public:
+
+        using ShaderPool = vlkx::ShaderModule::ReleasePool;
+        using TextureType = ModelLoader::TextureType;
+        using TexturePerMesh = std::array<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::SamplableImage>>, static_cast<int>(TextureType::Count)>;
+        using BindingPoints = std::map<TextureType, uint32_t>;
+        using TextureSource = vlkx::RefCountedTexture::ImageLocation;
+        using TextureSources = std::map<TextureType, std::vector<TextureSource>>;
+
+        class ModelResource {
+        public:
+            virtual ~ModelResource() = default;
+            virtual void load(ModelBuilder* builder) const = 0;
+        };
+
+        class SingleMeshModel : public ModelResource {
+        public:
+            SingleMeshModel(std::string&& path, int indexBase, TextureSources&& sources)
+                : objFile(std::move(path)), objIndexBase(indexBase), textureSources(std::move(sources)) {}
+
+            void load(ModelBuilder* builder) const override;
+        private:
+            const std::string objFile;
+            const int objIndexBase;
+            const TextureSources textureSources;
+        };
+
+        class MultiMeshModel : public ModelResource {
+        public:
+            MultiMeshModel(std::string&& modelDir, std::string&& textureDir)
+                : models(std::move(modelDir)), textures(std::move(textureDir)) {}
+
+            void load(ModelBuilder* builder) const override;
+
+        private:
+            const std::string models;
+            const std::string textures;
+        };
+
+        struct ModelPushConstant {
+            struct Meta {
+                const vlkx::PushConstant* constants;
+                uint32_t offset;
+            };
+
+            VkShaderStageFlags stage;
+            std::vector<Meta> constants;
+        };
+
+        using Descriptors = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::StaticDescriptor>>;
+
+        ModelBuilder(std::string&& name, int frames, float aspect, const ModelResource& resource);
+
+        ModelBuilder(const ModelBuilder&) = delete;
+        ModelBuilder& operator=(const ModelBuilder&) = delete;
+
+        ModelBuilder& texture(TextureType type, const TextureSource& source);
+        ModelBuilder& bindTextures(TextureType type, uint32_t point);
+        ModelBuilder& instanceBuffer(vlkx::PerInstanceVertexBuffer* buffer);
+        ModelBuilder& uniform(VkShaderStageFlags stage, std::vector<vlkx::Descriptor::Meta::Binding>&& bindings);
+        ModelBuilder& uniformBuffer(uint32_t point, const vlkx::UniformBuffer& buffer);
+        ModelBuilder& pushStage(VkShaderStageFlags stage);
+        ModelBuilder& pushConstant(const vlkx::PushConstant* constant, uint32_t offset);
+        ModelBuilder& shader(VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, std::string&& file);
+
+        std::unique_ptr<Model> build();
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<Descriptors> createDescs() const;
+
+        const int frames;
+        const float aspectRatio;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::StaticPerVertexBuffer> vertexBuffer;
+        std::vector<TexturePerMesh> textures;
+        TexturePerMesh sharedTextures;
+        BindingPoints bindPoints;
+
+        std::vector<vlkx::PerInstanceVertexBuffer*> instanceBuffers;
+        std::vector<vlkx::Descriptor::Meta> uniformMeta;
+        std::vector<vlkx::Descriptor::BufferInfos> uniformBufferMeta;
+
+        std::optional<ModelPushConstant> pushConstants;
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::GraphicsPipelineBuilder> pipelineBuilder;
+    };
+
+    class Model {
+    public:
+
+        Model(const Model&) = delete;
+        Model& operator=(const Model&) = delete;
+
+        void update(bool opaque, const VkExtent2D& frame, VkSampleCountFlagBits samples, const vlkx::RenderPass& pass, uint32_t subpass, bool flipY = true);
+        void draw(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame, uint32_t instances) const;
+
+    private:
+        friend std::unique_ptr<Model> ModelBuilder::build();
+        using Descriptors = ModelBuilder::Descriptors;
+        using ModelPushConstant = ModelBuilder::ModelPushConstant;
+        using TexturePerMesh = ModelBuilder::TexturePerMesh;
+
+        Model(float aspectRatio,
+              std::unique_ptr<vlkx::StaticPerVertexBuffer>&& vertexBuffer,
+              std::vector<vlkx::PerInstanceVertexBuffer*>&& perInstanceBuffers,
+              std::optional<ModelPushConstant>&& pushConstants,
+              TexturePerMesh&& sharedTextures,
+              std::vector<TexturePerMesh>&& textures,
+              std::vector<Descriptors>&& descriptors,
+              std::unique_ptr<vlkx::GraphicsPipelineBuilder>&& pipelineBuilder)
+              : aspectRatio(aspectRatio), vertexBuffer(std::move(vertexBuffer)), perInstanceBuffers(std::move(perInstanceBuffers)),
+                pushConstants(std::move(pushConstants)), sharedTextures(std::move(sharedTextures)), textures(std::move(textures)),
+                descriptors(std::move(descriptors)), pipelineBuilder(std::move(pipelineBuilder)) {}
+
+        const float aspectRatio;
+        const std::unique_ptr<vlkx::StaticPerVertexBuffer> vertexBuffer;
+        const std::vector<vlkx::PerInstanceVertexBuffer*> perInstanceBuffers;
+        const std::optional<ModelPushConstant> pushConstants;
+        const TexturePerMesh sharedTextures;
+        const std::vector<TexturePerMesh> textures;
+        const std::vector<Descriptors> descriptors;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::GraphicsPipelineBuilder> pipelineBuilder;
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Pipeline> pipeline;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/temp/model/Loader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "vlkx/render/Geometry.h"
+
+namespace vlkxtemp {
+
+    struct Wavefront {
+        Wavefront(std::string_view path, size_t base);
+        Wavefront(const Wavefront&) = delete;
+
+        Wavefront& operator=(const Wavefront&) = delete;
+
+        std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
+        std::vector<Geo::VertexAll> vertices;
+    };
+
+    class ModelLoader {
+    public:
+        enum class TextureType {
+            Diffuse,
+            Specular,
+            Reflection,
+            Cubemap,
+            Count
+        };
+
+        struct TextureData {
+            TextureData(TextureData&&) noexcept = default;
+            TextureData& operator=(TextureData&&) noexcept = default;
+
+            std::string path;
+            TextureType type;
+        };
+
+        struct MeshData {
+            MeshData() = default;
+            MeshData(MeshData&&) noexcept = default;
+            MeshData& operator=(MeshData&&) noexcept = default;
+
+            std::vector<Geo::VertexAll> vertices;
+            std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
+            std::vector<TextureData> textures;
+        };
+
+        ModelLoader(const std::string& model, const std::string& textures);
+
+        ModelLoader(const ModelLoader&) = delete;
+        ModelLoader& operator=(const ModelLoader&) = delete;
+
+        const std::vector<MeshData>& getMeshes() const { return meshes; }
+
+    private:
+
+        std::vector<MeshData> meshes;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/Camera.h

@@ -1,23 +1,213 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <optional>
 #define GLM_FORCE_RADIAN
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+#include <functional>
 
-class Camera {
+namespace vlkx {
-public:
+    class Camera {
+    public:
 
-	// Set up the camera.
+        enum class Input {
-	void init(float fov, float width, float height, float near, float far);
+            Up, Down, Left, Right
+        };
+        struct Movement {
+            float moveSpeed = 10;
+            float turnSpeed = 0.0005f;
+            std::optional<glm::vec3> center;
+        };
 
-	// Move the camera.
+        /**
-	void setPosition(glm::vec3 positionIn);
+         * Camera configuration; with defaults.
+         * Left and forward vectors are calculated from up, pos and target.
+         */
+        struct Config {
+            float nearPlane = 0.1f;                     // The nearest a vertex can be to the camera before being clipped
+            float farPlane = 100;                      // The furthest a vertex can be from the camera before clipped
+            glm::vec3 upV{0, 1, 0};        // The vector pointing straight up from the camera
+            glm::vec3 pos{0, 0, 0};        // The position of the camera in the world
+            glm::vec3 target{1, 0, 0};     // The point the camera is looking at
+        };
 
-	glm::mat4 getViewMatrix() { return viewMatrix; };
+        Camera(const Camera &) = delete;
-	glm::mat4 getProjectionMatrix() { return projectionMatrix; }
 
-private:
+        Camera &operator=(const Camera &) = delete;
-	glm::mat4 projectionMatrix;
+
-	glm::mat4 viewMatrix;
+        virtual ~Camera() = default;
-	glm::vec3 position;
+
-};
+        Camera &move(const glm::vec3 &delta);
+
+        Camera &setPos(const glm::vec3 &pos);
+
+        Camera &up(const glm::vec3 &up);
+
+        Camera &forward(const glm::vec3 &forward);
+
+        glm::mat4 getViewMatrix() const;
+
+        glm::mat4 getSkyboxView() const {
+            return glm::mat4{glm::mat3{getViewMatrix()}};
+        }
+
+        virtual glm::mat4 getProjMatrix() const = 0;
+
+        const glm::vec3& getPosition() const { return position; }
+        const glm::vec3& getUp() const { return upVector; }
+        const glm::vec3& getForward() const { return frontVector; }
+        const glm::vec3& getRight() const { return rightVector; }
+
+    protected:
+        explicit Camera(const Config &conf) : nearPlane(conf.nearPlane), farPlane(conf.farPlane), position(conf.pos),
+                                              upVector(glm::normalize(conf.upV)) {
+            forward(conf.target - position);
+        }
+
+        const float nearPlane;
+        const float farPlane;
+    private:
+
+        glm::vec3 position;
+        glm::vec3 upVector;
+        glm::vec3 frontVector;
+        glm::vec3 rightVector;
+
+    };
+
+    class PerspectiveCamera : public Camera {
+    public:
+
+        struct Frustum {
+            float fov;
+            float aspect;
+        };
+
+        struct RT {
+            glm::vec3 up;
+            glm::vec3 forward;
+            glm::vec3 right;
+        };
+
+        PerspectiveCamera(const Camera::Config &conf, const Frustum &frus) :
+                Camera(conf), aspectRatio(frus.aspect), fov(frus.fov) {}
+
+        PerspectiveCamera(const PerspectiveCamera &) = delete;
+
+        PerspectiveCamera &operator=(const PerspectiveCamera &) = delete;
+
+        PerspectiveCamera &fieldOfView(float newFov);
+
+        RT getRT() const;
+
+        glm::mat4 getProjMatrix() const override;
+
+        float getFieldOfView() const { return fov; }
+
+        float getAspect() const { return aspectRatio; }
+
+    private:
+
+        const float aspectRatio;
+        float fov;
+    };
+
+    class OrthographicCamera : public Camera {
+    public:
+        struct OrthoConfig {
+            float width;
+            float aspect;
+        };
+
+        static OrthoConfig getFullscreenConfig() {
+            return {2, 1};
+        }
+
+        OrthographicCamera(const Camera::Config &config, const OrthoConfig &ortho)
+                : Camera(config), aspectRatio(ortho.aspect), width(ortho.width) {}
+
+        OrthographicCamera(const OrthographicCamera &) = delete;
+
+        OrthographicCamera &operator=(const OrthographicCamera &) = delete;
+
+        OrthographicCamera &setWidth(float width);
+
+        glm::mat4 getProjMatrix() const override;
+
+        float getWidth() const { return width; }
+
+    private:
+
+        const float aspectRatio;
+        float width;
+    };
+
+    template<typename Type>
+    class UserCamera {
+    public:
+        UserCamera(const UserCamera &) = delete;
+
+        UserCamera &operator=(const UserCamera &) = delete;
+
+        virtual ~UserCamera() = default;
+
+        void setInternal(std::function<void(Type *)> op);
+
+        void setPos(const glm::dvec2 &pos) { cursorPos = pos; }
+
+        void move(double x, double y);
+
+        bool scroll(double delta, double min, double max);
+
+        void press(Camera::Input key, float time);
+
+        void active(bool active) { isActive = active; }
+
+        const Type &getCamera() const { return *camera; }
+
+        UserCamera(const Camera::Movement &movement, std::unique_ptr<Type> &&cam)
+                : config(movement), camera(std::move(cam)) {
+            reset();
+        }
+
+        void reset();
+
+    private:
+
+
+        const Camera::Movement config;
+        bool isActive = false;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<Type> camera;
+        glm::dvec2 cursorPos;
+        glm::vec3 refForward;
+        glm::vec3 refLeft;
+
+        float pitch;
+        float yaw;
+    };
+
+    class UserPerspectiveCamera : public UserCamera<PerspectiveCamera> {
+    public:
+        static std::unique_ptr<UserPerspectiveCamera>
+        create(const Camera::Movement &movement, const Camera::Config &config,
+               const PerspectiveCamera::Frustum &frustum) {
+            return std::make_unique<UserPerspectiveCamera>(movement,
+                                                           std::make_unique<PerspectiveCamera>(config, frustum));
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        using UserCamera<PerspectiveCamera>::UserCamera;
+    };
+
+    class UserOrthoCamera : public UserCamera<OrthographicCamera> {
+    public:
+        static std::unique_ptr<UserOrthoCamera> create(const Camera::Movement &movement, const Camera::Config &config,
+                                                       const OrthographicCamera::OrthoConfig &ortho) {
+            return std::make_unique<UserOrthoCamera>(movement, std::make_unique<OrthographicCamera>(config, ortho));
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        using UserCamera<OrthographicCamera>::UserCamera;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/Geometry.h

@@ -28,65 +28,66 @@ namespace Geo {
 	};
 
 	// All of the metadata involved with a vertex.
-	struct Vertex {
+	struct VertexAll {
 		glm::vec3 position; // XYZ coordinates of the vertex's position.
 		glm::vec3 normal;   // Unit vector pointing away from the outer surface of the vertex.
-		glm::vec3 color;    // The color of the vertex.
 		glm::vec2 texture;  // The u/v coordinates of this vertex in the bound texture.
 
 		// How fast should vertex data be read from RAM?
 		static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDesc() {
 			VkVertexInputBindingDescription desc = {};
 			desc.binding = 0;
-			desc.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
+			desc.stride = sizeof(VertexAll);
 			desc.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
 
 			return desc;
 		}
 
 		// How should vertexes be handled?
-		static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 4> getAttributeDesc() {
+		static std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> getAttributeDesc() {
-			std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 4> descs = {};
+			return {
-
+                    { 0, 0, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(VertexAll, position)) },
-			// Attribute 0; position. Location 0, 3x 32-bit float.
+                    { 0, 1, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(VertexAll, normal)) },
-			descs[0].binding = 0;
+                    { 0, 2, VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(VertexAll, texture)) }
-			descs[0].location = 0;
+            };
-			descs[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-			descs[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, position);
-
-			// Attribute 1; normal. Location 1, 3x 32-bit float.
-			descs[1].binding = 0;
-			descs[1].location = 1;
-			descs[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-			descs[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, normal);
-
-			// Attribute 2; color. Location 2, 3x 32-bit float.
-			descs[2].binding = 0;
-			descs[2].location = 2;
-			descs[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-			descs[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
-
-			// Attribute 3; texture. Location 3, 2x 32-bit float.
-			descs[3].binding = 0;
-			descs[3].location = 3;
-			descs[3].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
-			descs[3].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texture);
-
-			return descs;
 		}
 	};
 
+    // All of the metadata involved with a vertex.
+    struct VertexColor {
+        glm::vec3 position; // XYZ coordinates of the vertex's position.
+        glm::vec3 color;    // The color of the vertex.
+
+        // How fast should vertex data be read from RAM?
+        static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDesc() {
+            VkVertexInputBindingDescription desc = {};
+            desc.binding = 0;
+            desc.stride = sizeof(VertexColor);
+            desc.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
+
+            return desc;
+        }
+
+        // How should vertexes be handled?
+        static std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> getAttributeDesc() {
+            return {
+                    { 0, 0, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(VertexColor, position)) },
+                    { 0, 1, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(VertexColor, color)) }
+            };
+        }
+    };
+
 	// Contains data about a given Mesh.
 	class Mesh {
 	public:
 		// Pre-load the data for a triangle into the given buffers.
-		static void setTriData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		static void setTriData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
 		// Pre-load the data for a quad into the given buffers.
-		static void setQuadData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		static void setQuadData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
 		// Pre-load the data for a cube into the given buffers.
-		static void setCubeData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		static void setCubeData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
 		// Pre-load the data for a sphere into the given buffers.
-		static void setSphereData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		static void setSphereData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
 	};
 
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.h

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <vector>
-
-class RenderPass {
-public:
-	RenderPass();
-	~RenderPass();
-
-	VkRenderPass pass;
-
-	void createVertexRenderPass(VkFormat format);
-	void createRTRenderPass(VkFormat format);
-	void createRTPhysicsPass(VkFormat format);
-
-	void beginRenderPass(std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues, VkCommandBuffer commands, VkFramebuffer framebuffer, VkExtent2D extent);
-	void endRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commands);
-
-	void destroy();
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/shader/GeoBuffers.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/shader/Descriptor.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/Camera.h>
-
-// Renders a single object.
-class SingleRenderer {
-public:
-
-	void createSingleRenderer(Geo::MeshType type, glm::vec3 posIn, glm::vec3 scaleIn);
-
-	void updateUniforms(Camera camera);
-
-	void draw();
-
-	void destroy();
-
-	void setPosition(glm::vec3 newPos) { position = newPos; }
-	void setRotation(glm::mat4 newRot) { rotation = newRot; }
-
-    Descriptor getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
-
-	glm::mat4 getRotation() { return rotation; }
-private:
-
-	Pipeline pipeline;
-	GeoBuffers buffers;
-	Descriptor descriptor;
-
-	glm::vec3 position;
-	glm::vec3 scale;
-	glm::mat4 rotation;
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/render_pass/GPUPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/ImageUsage.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include "GenericRenderPass.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    /**
+     * The common base class for rendering and computing passes that run on the GPU.
+     * Provides some utility methods for handling attachment metadata between subpasses.
+     */
+    class CommonPass {
+    public:
+
+        explicit CommonPass(int passes) : numPasses(passes) {}
+
+        // Delete the copy and move constructors
+        CommonPass(const CommonPass&) = delete;
+        CommonPass& operator=(const CommonPass&) = delete;
+        virtual ~CommonPass() = default;
+
+        // Get the image layout of the given image at the start of this pass
+        VkImageLayout getInitialLayout(const std::string& name) const;
+        // Get the image layout of the given image at the end of this pass
+        VkImageLayout getFinalLayout(const std::string& name) const;
+        // Get the image layout of the given image before the given subpass starts
+        VkImageLayout getSubpassLayout(const std::string& name, int subpass) const;
+
+        // Update the state of the given image's usage tracker.
+        void update(const std::string& name, MultiImageTracker& tracker) const;
+
+    protected:
+        /**
+         * Some metadata about the usage of an image between subpasses.
+         */
+        struct Usages {
+            Usages(const int last, const ImageUsage* prev, const ImageUsage* curr) : lastSubpass(last), lastUsage(*prev), currentUsage(*curr) {}
+            const int lastSubpass;
+            const ImageUsage& lastUsage;
+            const ImageUsage& currentUsage;
+        };
+
+        // Add the usage of an image in the pass to its' tracker.
+        void addUsage(std::string&& name, UsageTracker&& tracker);
+
+        // Get the full history of the image's usages up to this rendering pass.
+        const UsageTracker& getHistory(const std::string& name) const;
+
+        // Get the usage of an image at the start of the given pass.
+        const ImageUsage* getUsage(const std::string& name, int pass) const;
+
+        // Retrieve image usage data, but only if the image is barriered at the given pass.
+        std::optional<Usages> checkForSync(const std::string& name, int pass) const;
+
+        // Validate that the subpass is valid for the given image.
+        // The meaning of includeVirtual is defined by the child implementation.
+        void validate(int pass, const std::string& image, bool includeVirtual) const;
+
+        int getVirtualInitial() const { return -1; }
+        int getVirtualFinal() const { return numPasses; }
+
+    protected:
+        std::map<std::string, UsageTracker> usageHistory;
+        const int numPasses;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The Common Pass implementation for Graphics passes; that is, render passes that output to color buffers
+     *  for presentation to the screen, or to be used as textures in such.
+     * The instance of the GraphicsPass can be stored and reused to create multiple RenderPassBuilders.
+     * In this way it is essentially a RenderPassBuilderFactory.
+     */
+    class GraphicsPass : public CommonPass {
+    public:
+
+        using LocationGetter = std::function<int(int pass)>;
+
+        explicit GraphicsPass(int passes) : CommonPass {passes} {}
+
+        GraphicsPass(const GraphicsPass&) = delete;
+        GraphicsPass& operator=(const GraphicsPass&) = delete;
+
+        // Get the default render ops for a color buffer.
+        static RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType getDefaultOps() {
+            return RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::ColorOps { VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE };
+        }
+
+        // Get the default render ops for a stencil buffer.
+        static RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType getStencilOps() {
+            return RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::StencilDepthOps { VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE, VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add an image reference that is used in this render pass.
+         * @param name the name of the image used
+         * @param history the usage history of the image, for tracking purposes
+         * @param getter a function to get the location of the image, only if the image is used as a render target.
+         * @param ops optional; uses the static defaults if not present.
+         * @return the index into the VkAttachmentDescriptions.
+         */
+        int add(const std::string& name, UsageTracker&& history, LocationGetter&& getter, const std::optional<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType> ops = std::nullopt);
+
+        #define fluent GraphicsPass&
+
+        // Specifies that the source image will be resolved to the single destination at the given pass.
+        fluent addMultisample(const std::string& source, const std::string& dest, int pass);
+
+        // Build a RenderPassBuilder with the information provided so far.
+        std::unique_ptr<RenderPassBuilder> build(int framebuffers);
+
+    private:
+        struct AttachmentMeta {
+            int index;
+            LocationGetter getter;
+            vlkx::RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType ops;
+            std::map<int, std::string> multisample;
+        };
+
+        void setAttachments();
+        void setSubpasses();
+        void setDependencies();
+
+        /**
+         * Find the first subpass where the given image is used as a render target.
+         * @param history the usage history of the image; what it was used at at each subpass.
+         * @return nullopt if the image was not used as a render target, the index of the subpass where it was, if not.
+         */
+        std::optional<int> getFirstRenderTarget(const UsageTracker& history) const;
+
+        /**
+         * Return the operations that should be used for the given image attachment.
+         * If the user specified ops, it will be checekd against the history.
+         * @param name the name of the image to use as the attachment
+         * @param history the usage history of the attachment, for internal checks
+         * @param userOps operations to use for the image, as an optional override.
+         * @return the ColorOps to use for the given attachment.
+         */
+        RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType getOps(const std::string& name, const UsageTracker& history, const std::optional<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType>& userOps) const;
+
+        /**
+         * Get the usage type of the image.
+         * Assumption: an image is only ever used as a color OR depth stencil. Never both.
+         * Assumption: Multisample == RenderTarget
+         * @param name the name of the image to check
+         * @param history the history of the image's usages in the GPU.
+         * @return whether the image is a RenderTarget or a DepthStencil buffer.
+         */
+        ImageUsage::Type getUsageType(const std::string& name, const UsageTracker& history) const;
+
+        /**
+         * Ensure that the image is used as type at subpass in its' history.
+         */
+        bool verifyImageUsage(const UsageTracker& history, int subpass, ImageUsage::Type type) const;
+
+        /**
+         * Return whether the subpass is virtual.
+         * For a Render Pass, virtual means it is a preprocessing step.
+         */
+        bool isVirtual(int subpass) const {
+            return subpass == getVirtualInitial() || subpass == getVirtualFinal();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Return the subpass index; for virtual passes, it uses an EXTERNAL subpass.
+         */
+        uint32_t checkSubpass(int subpass) const {
+            return isVirtual(subpass) ? VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL : (uint32_t) subpass;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Ensure that the image's usages are compatible with a render pass.
+         * For example, compute shader linear buffers cannot be used as render targets, etc.
+         */
+        void verifyHistory(const std::string& image, const UsageTracker& history) const;
+
+        std::map<std::string, AttachmentMeta> metas;
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderPassBuilder> builder;
+
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * The Common Pass implementation for Compute Shaders.
+     * That is, shaders that do not write to color buffers.
+     * A subpass can execute multiple compute shaders unbarriered, which increases efficiency.
+     * We still need to transition images between passes when necessary, hence the wrapper.
+     */
+    class ComputePass : public CommonPass {
+    public:
+
+        ComputePass(const ComputePass&) = delete;
+        ComputePass& operator=(const ComputePass&) = delete;
+
+        #define fluent ComputePass&
+
+        /**
+         * Add the given image as an attachment to the compute shader pass.
+         * @param name the name of the image
+         * @param history the usage history of the image
+         * @return the ComputePass instance, for chaining.
+         */
+        fluent add(std::string&& name, UsageTracker&& history);
+        fluent add(const std::string& name, UsageTracker&& history) {
+            return add(std::string(name), std::move(history));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Run computeOps, insert memory barriers to transition used images into the appropriate format.
+         * Images must be a superset of all images that were called with add().
+         * Compute_ops must be equal to the number of subpasses.
+         * Commands must be recording.
+         * @param commands the command buffer to write into.
+         * @param queueFamily the family to use for inserting barriers
+         * @param images the list of images that were used in the compute pass
+         * @param computeOps the compute functions to upload to the GPU
+         */
+        void execute(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, uint32_t queueFamily, const std::map<std::string, const VkImage*>& images, const std::vector<std::function<void()>>& computeOps) const;
+
+        /**
+         * Insert a memory barrier, to transition the layout of the image from the previous to the curent.
+         * The barrier is performed using the given queue family.
+         * @param commands the command buffer to write into.
+         * @param queueFamily the family to use for inserting barriers.
+         * @param image the list of images that were used in the compute pass
+         * @param prev the previous usage of the image; the state being transitioned from
+         * @param current the new usage of the image; the state being transitioned to.
+         */
+        void barrier(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, uint32_t queueFamily, const VkImage& image, const ImageUsage& prev, const ImageUsage& current) const;
+
+        /**
+         * Verify whether the previous usages of the given image in its' history is compatible with a compute shader.
+         * For example, a fragment shader output image is not compatible.
+         * @param name the name of the image being checked
+         * @param history the usage history of the image/
+         */
+        void verify(const std::string& name, const UsageTracker& history) const;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/render_pass/GenericRenderPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+#include <variant>
+#include <optional>
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Image.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    /**
+     * Gathers the operations that the GPU should perform when rendering to a framebuffer.
+     * Subpasses and dependencies are to be configured automatically using the builder below.
+     * RenderPass objects are disposable, and should be discarded when the framebuffer changes.
+     */
+    class RenderPass {
+    public:
+        using RenderFunc = std::function<void(const VkCommandBuffer& buffer)>;
+
+        // Delete copy and move constructors to prevent the GPU getting confused with what we're trying to do
+        RenderPass(const RenderPass&) = delete;
+        RenderPass& operator=(const RenderPass&) = delete;
+        ~RenderPass();
+
+        RenderPass(int subpasses, VkRenderPass pass, std::vector<VkClearValue> clear, VkExtent2D ext, std::vector<VkFramebuffer> fbs, std::vector<int> attachs)
+            : subpassCount(subpasses), renderPass(pass), clearValues(std::move(clear)), extent(ext), framebuffers(std::move(fbs)), attachments(std::move(attachs)) {}
+
+        const VkRenderPass& operator*() const { return renderPass; }
+
+        int getAttachsInSubpass(int subpass) const {
+            return attachments[subpass];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Upload all of the subpass render commands to the command buffer.
+         * The size of ops must be equal to the number of subpasses in this render pass.
+         * @param commands the command buffer to execute on; must be recording
+         * @param imageIndex the index of the image on the swapchain that we're rendering to; the target framebuffer.
+         * @param ops the render operations to add onto the command buffer.
+         */
+        void execute(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, int imageIndex, std::vector<RenderFunc> ops) const;
+
+    private:
+        // The number of sub-render-passes in this pass.
+        const int subpassCount;
+        // The VkRenderPass that this class wraps.
+        VkRenderPass renderPass;
+        // The clear values that will wipe all framebuffers to their empty states.
+        const std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues;
+        // The size of the framebuffers (all are the same size)
+        const VkExtent2D extent;
+        // The framebuffers that we can render to
+        const std::vector<VkFramebuffer> framebuffers;
+        // The number of color attachments (sampled color images) in each subpass, by subpass index.
+        const std::vector<int> attachments;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * A stateful, fluent way to create Render Passes.
+     * This object can be stored and reused; when the window size changes, simply set the extent and
+     *  export a new RenderPass to be used in the pipeline.
+     *
+     * Allows setting sub-passes, sub-pass dependencies, operations to read and write them, etc.
+     */
+    class RenderPassBuilder {
+    public:
+
+        /**
+         * Information required to define an attachment to be used in a render pass.
+         * Contains information on the layout, the operations to use on read and write, etc.
+         */
+        struct Attachment {
+            // Operations to use on color attachments.
+            struct ColorOps {
+                VkAttachmentLoadOp LOAD;            // Load data in the color attachment
+                VkAttachmentStoreOp STORE;          // Store data into the color attachment
+            };
+
+            // Operations to use on depth and stencil buffers.
+            struct StencilDepthOps {
+                VkAttachmentLoadOp DEPTH_LOAD;      // Load data in the depth attachment
+                VkAttachmentStoreOp DEPTH_STORE;    // Store data in the depth attachment
+                VkAttachmentLoadOp STENCIL_LOAD;    // Load data in the stencil attachment
+                VkAttachmentStoreOp STENCIL_STORE;  // Store data in the stencil attachment
+            };
+
+            using OpsType = std::variant<ColorOps, StencilDepthOps>;
+
+            // The operations that can be performed on this attachment
+            OpsType ops;
+            // The initial layout of an image in this attachment (pre-GPU upload)
+            VkImageLayout layoutInitial;
+            // The final layout of an image in this attachment (as seen by the shader)
+            VkImageLayout layoutFinal;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Describes attachments used in each subpass, in terms of Vulkan data.
+         * Attachment here is used in the conceptual sense, not referring to the Attachment struct above.
+         *
+         * If multisampleReferences is non-zero, its' size must be equal to colorReferences' size.
+         * Each index of multisampleReferences refers to the same-index colorReferences entry.
+         *
+         * If stencilDepthReference is non-zero, it is shared between all subpasses.
+         */
+        struct SubpassAttachments {
+            std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> colorReferences;
+            std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> multisampleReferences;
+            std::optional<VkAttachmentReference> stencilDepthReference;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Describes the dependencies between each sub-pass.
+         * It describes how each subpass will read or modify the data written by the last subpass, if at all.
+         * This dependency information can allow the GPU to run some passes in parallel, and enforce the
+         *  strict ordering of those that require it.
+         */
+        struct SubpassDependency {
+
+            /**
+             * Defines some metadata about the subpass.
+             * Contains the index of the subpass, how it will use data from the last pass, and what exactly it will do.
+             */
+            struct SubpassMeta {
+                /**
+                 * Index of the subpass.
+                 */
+                uint32_t index;
+
+                /**
+                 * Describes how we want to modify the data passed to us from the last subpass.
+                 * Will change how the next subpass will wait for the completion of this subpass, if at all.
+                 *
+                 * VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT:
+                 *   read/write to the color attachment
+                 *
+                 * VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT:
+                 * VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT:
+                 *   read/write to the depth or stencil attachment
+                 *
+                 * VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT:
+                 * VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT:
+                 *   read all attachments
+                 *
+                 */
+                VkPipelineStageFlags stage;
+
+                /**
+                 * Describes how we want to synchronize with the subpass after this one.
+                 *
+                 * VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT:
+                 * VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT:
+                 *   read a texture or write to a color buffer
+                 *
+                 * VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT:
+                 * VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT:
+                 * VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT:
+                 * VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT:
+                 *   read/write to an attachment.
+                 *
+                 * VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT:
+                 *   for accessing the inputAttachment of a subpass.
+                 *
+                 * 0:
+                 *   do not write, but the next subpass will.
+                 *   Will automatically barrier the render pass.
+                 */
+                VkAccessFlags access;
+            };
+
+            SubpassMeta source;         // The source subpass of this dependency (will take effect after this pass completes)
+            SubpassMeta destination;    // The destination subpass of this dependency (will take effect before this pass)
+            VkDependencyFlags flags;    // Other information that Vulkan needs to know about this dependency; for example, if we use an inputAttachment.
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Describes a color attachment.
+         * Effectively RGB images that live entirely on the GPU.
+         *
+         * Describes the resolution mechanics of a multisampled image.
+         */
+        struct ColorAttachmentMeta {
+            int location;               // Where the GPU shaders expect this attachment to be available.
+            int descriptionIdx;         // Index of this attachment in the VkAttachmentDescription data.
+            VkImageLayout layout;       // Vulkan image layout. Shader optimized or host readable.
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Create a list of VkAttachmentReference that describes the attachments used per subpass.
+         */
+        static std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> parseColorReferences(std::vector<ColorAttachmentMeta> meta);
+
+        /**
+         * Create a list of VkAttachmentReference that describes the multisampling setup.
+         */
+        static std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> parseMutisampling(int colorReferencesCount, std::vector<ColorAttachmentMeta> meta);
+
+        RenderPassBuilder(const RenderPassBuilder&) = delete;
+        RenderPassBuilder& operator=(const RenderPassBuilder&) = delete;
+        ~RenderPassBuilder() = default;
+        RenderPassBuilder() = default;
+
+        /** Fluent API Features; chain calls to set data on the render pass.*/
+        #define fluent RenderPassBuilder&
+
+        // Set the number of framebuffers in the render pass
+        fluent setFramebufferCount(int count);
+        // Set an attachment description in the render pass
+        fluent setAttachment(int idx, const Attachment& attachment);
+        // Update the image backing an attachment. The function must be executable during execute() later on.
+        fluent updateAttachmentBacking(int idx, std::function<const Image&(int idx)>&& getBacking);
+        // Set a specific subpass. Use the static parse methods to create these vectors.
+        fluent setSubpass(int idx, std::vector<VkAttachmentReference>&& color, std::vector<VkAttachmentReference>&& multisample, VkAttachmentReference& depthStencil);
+        // Add a dependency between two subpasses.
+        fluent addDependency(const SubpassDependency& dep);
+
+        // Build the Render Pass with all the information given.
+        // Can be called multiple times with the same Builder.
+        [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderPass> build() const;
+
+    private:
+        // Number of framebuffers in the render pass
+        std::optional<int> framebufferCount;
+        // Descriptions of used attachments
+        std::vector<VkAttachmentDescription> attachmentDescriptors;
+        // Functions to return attachment images.
+        std::vector<std::function<const Image&(int idx)>> attachmentGetters;
+        // Values to clear all attachments
+        std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues;
+        // Descriptions of subpasses.
+        std::vector<SubpassAttachments> subpassAttachments;
+        // Descriptions of subpass dependencies.
+        std::vector<VkSubpassDependency> subpassDependencies;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/render_pass/ScreenRenderPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <memory>
+#include "GenericRenderPass.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/ImageUsage.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Image.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    // A simple and versatile way to configure render passes.
+    // Intended to be used with the SimpleRenderPass and the ScreenRenderPass.
+    class RendererConfig {
+    public:
+        RendererConfig(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image>>& destinations, bool toScreen = true) : renderImages(destinations) {
+            numOpaquePasses = 1;
+            rendersToScreen = toScreen;
+        }
+
+        RendererConfig(int passCount, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image>>& destinations, bool toScreen = true, std::optional<int> firstTransparent = std::nullopt, std::optional<int> firstOverlay = std::nullopt);
+
+        // Get the number of passes that use the depth buffer.
+        int depthPasses() const {
+            return numOpaquePasses + numTransparentPasses;
+        }
+
+        // Get the total number of passes.
+        int passes() const {
+            return depthPasses() + numOverlayPasses;
+        }
+
+        // Get whether any passes use the depth buffer.
+        bool usesDepth() const {
+            return depthPasses() > 0;
+        }
+
+        // Create the render pass builder. Can be called multiple times.
+        void build();
+
+        RendererConfig(RendererConfig&) noexcept = default;
+        RendererConfig(const RendererConfig&) = default;
+
+        int numOpaquePasses = 0;
+        int numTransparentPasses = 0;
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image>>& renderImages;
+        bool rendersToScreen;
+    private:
+        int numOverlayPasses = 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Stores all of the information required to use an attachment.
+     * This is heavy, so is only used when the image is being finalized.
+     */
+    struct AttachmentConfig {
+        AttachmentConfig(std::string_view name, std::optional<int>* index)
+        : name(name), index(*index) {}
+
+        AttachmentConfig& setOps(const RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType& ops) {
+            loadStoreOps = ops;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        AttachmentConfig& setUsage(const ImageUsage& final) {
+            finalUsage = final;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::string name;
+        std::optional<int>& index;
+        std::optional<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType> loadStoreOps;
+        std::optional<ImageUsage> finalUsage;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * A lighter version of the Attachment, used primarily in the On-Screen Pass Manager.
+     */
+    struct Attachment {
+        explicit Attachment(std::string_view image) : name(image) {}
+
+        // Adds the image to the tracker and initializes state.
+        void add(MultiImageTracker& tracker, const Image& image) {
+            tracker.track(name, image.getUsage());
+        }
+
+        AttachmentConfig makeConfig() { return { name, &index }; }
+
+        const std::string name;
+        std::optional<int> index;
+    };
+
+    // Manages Render Passes that will output to the screen.
+    // This is necessarily exclusively a graphical pass.
+    // If necessary, a depth and stencil buffer will be maintained.
+    // The color buffer is automatically assumed to be the swapchain.
+    class ScreenRenderPassManager {
+    public:
+        explicit ScreenRenderPassManager(RendererConfig renderConfig) : config(renderConfig) {}
+
+        ScreenRenderPassManager(const ScreenRenderPassManager&) = delete;
+        ScreenRenderPassManager& operator=(const ScreenRenderPassManager&) = delete;
+
+        // Initialize the render pass we're managing.
+        void initializeRenderPass();
+
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderPass>& getPass() { return pass; }
+
+    private:
+
+        // Prepare the Render Pass builder.
+        void preparePassBuilder();
+
+        const RendererConfig config;
+
+        Attachment destinationInfo { "Destination" };
+        Attachment multisampleInfo { "Multisample" };
+        Attachment depthStencilInfo { "Depth-Stencil" };
+
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image> depthStencilImage;
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderPassBuilder> passBuilder;
+        std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderPass> pass;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * A utility namespace used to house a constructor for creating a "simple" render pass with all the defaults.
+     */
+    namespace SimpleRenderPass {
+        static std::unique_ptr<RenderPassBuilder> createBuilder(int framebuffers, const RendererConfig& config, const AttachmentConfig& color, const AttachmentConfig* multisample, const AttachmentConfig* depthStencil, MultiImageTracker& tracker);
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/shader/Descriptor.h

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <vector>
-
-class Descriptor {
-public:
-	Descriptor();
-	~Descriptor();
-
-	// Global descriptor bindings
-	VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
-	VkDescriptorPool pool;
-	VkDescriptorSet set;
-
-	// Allocate and prepare the descriptors for a simple (uniform buffer only) descriptor.
-	void createAndAllocateSimple(uint32_t imageCount);
-
-	// Fill the Descriptors with the given uniforms
-	void populate(uint32_t imageCount, VkBuffer uniforms, size_t bufferSize);
-	void destroy();
-
-private:
-
-	// Set up the layout for a single UBO
-	void createSimpleLayout();
-	// Setup the pool for a single UBO
-	void createSimplePool(uint32_t imageCount);
-
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/shader/GeoBuffers.h

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
-
-// Contains memory and objects required to store information about geometry.
-class GeoBuffers {
-public:
-
-	GeoBuffers();
-	~GeoBuffers();
-
-	// Program and virtual memory for vertex data.
-	std::vector<Geo::Vertex> vertices;
-	VkTools::ManagedBuffer vertexBuffer;
-
-	// Program and virtual memory for indices data.
-	std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
-    VkTools::ManagedBuffer indexBuffer;
-
-	// Virtual memory for uniforms - translation matrices, etc.
-    VkTools::ManagedBuffer uniformBuffer;
-
-	void createBuffers(Geo::MeshType type);
-
-	void destroy();
-
-private:
-
-	void createVertexBuffer();
-	void createIndexBuffer();
-	void createUniformBuffer();
-
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h

@@ -1,31 +1,205 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 #include <vector>
+#include <optional>
 #include <fstream>
+#include "shadow/util/RefCounter.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
 
-class Pipeline {
+namespace vlkx {
-public:
+    class Pipeline;
-	Pipeline();
-	~Pipeline();
 
-	// The active Graphics Pipeline layout.
+    // A simple wrapper for the shader module used by the pipeline.
-	VkPipelineLayout layout;
+    class ShaderModule {
-	// The active Graphics Pipeline instance.
+    public:
-	VkPipeline pipeline;
+        using CountedShader = shadowutil::RefCounter<ShaderModule>;
+        using ReleasePool = CountedShader::AutoRelease;
 
-	// Create the layout and pipeline for a vertex renderer
+        ShaderModule(const std::string& path);
-	void create(VkExtent2D extent, VkDescriptorSetLayout set, VkRenderPass renderPass);
 
-	void destroy();
+        ShaderModule(const ShaderModule&) = delete;
+        ShaderModule& operator=(const ShaderModule&) = delete;
 
-private:
+        ~ShaderModule() {
+            vkDestroyShaderModule(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, shader, nullptr);
+        }
 
-	std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename);
+        const VkShaderModule& operator*() const { return shader; }
-	VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code);
 
-	void createPipelineLayout(VkDescriptorSetLayout set);
+    private:
-	
+        VkShaderModule shader;
-	// For rendering objects that use traditional vertex-based mesh geometry.
+    };
-	// See Geo::Vertex for the uniform bindings.
+
-	void createVertexPipeline(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass renderPass);
+    class PipelineBuilder {
-};
+    public:
+        PipelineBuilder(const PipelineBuilder&) = delete;
+        PipelineBuilder& operator=(const PipelineBuilder&) = delete;
+
+        virtual ~PipelineBuilder() {
+            vkDestroyPipelineCache(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, cache, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        virtual std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> build() const = 0;
+
+    protected:
+        PipelineBuilder(std::optional<int> maxCache);
+
+        void setName(std::string&& n) { name = std::move(name); }
+
+        void setLayout(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout>&& descLayouts, std::vector<VkPushConstantRange>&& constants);
+
+        const std::string& getName() const { return name; }
+
+        bool hasLayout() const { return layoutInfo.has_value(); }
+        const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo& getLayout() const { return layoutInfo.value(); }
+
+    private:
+        VkPipelineCache cache;
+        std::string name;
+
+        std::optional<VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo> layoutInfo;
+        std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> descLayouts;
+        std::vector<VkPushConstantRange> constants;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Use when creating Graphics pipelines.
+     * Internal state is preserved so that multiple pipelines can be created with one builder.
+     * However, shaders are single-usage. Bind a new shader before claling build again.
+     * See ShaderModule for more information, and how to change this.
+     */
+    class GraphicsPipelineBuilder : public PipelineBuilder {
+    public:
+        struct Viewport {
+            VkViewport viewport;
+            VkRect2D scissor;
+        };
+
+        explicit GraphicsPipelineBuilder(std::optional<int> maxCache = std::nullopt);
+
+        GraphicsPipelineBuilder(const GraphicsPipelineBuilder&) = delete;
+        GraphicsPipelineBuilder& operator=(const GraphicsPipelineBuilder&) = delete;
+
+        #define fluent GraphicsPipelineBuilder&
+
+        fluent name(std::string&& name);
+        fluent depthTest(bool enable, bool write);
+        fluent stencilTest(bool enable);
+        fluent multiSample(VkSampleCountFlagBits samples);
+        fluent topology(VkPrimitiveTopology topology);
+        fluent stencilOp(const VkStencilOpState& state, VkStencilFaceFlags flags);
+
+        fluent addVertex(uint32_t bindPoint, VkVertexInputBindingDescription&& desc, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs);
+        fluent layout(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout>&& descLayouts, std::vector<VkPushConstantRange>&& constants);
+        fluent viewport(const Viewport& port, bool flipY = true);
+        fluent renderPass(const VkRenderPass& pass, uint32_t subpass);
+
+        fluent colorBlend(std::vector<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState>&& states);
+        fluent shader(VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, std::string&& file);
+
+        std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> build() const override;
+
+    private:
+        struct PassInfo {
+            VkRenderPass pass;
+            uint32_t subpass;
+        };
+
+        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo assemblyInfo;
+        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationInfo;
+        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleInfo;
+        VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilInfo;
+        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicStateInfo;
+
+        std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindingDescs;
+        std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attrDescs;
+
+        std::optional<Viewport> viewportMeta;
+        std::optional<PassInfo> passMeta;
+        std::vector<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState> blendStates;
+        std::map<VkShaderStageFlagBits, std::string> shaders;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Use when creating Compute Shader pipelines.
+     * Internal state is preserved so that multiple pipelines can be created with one builder.
+     * However, shaders are single-usage. Bind a new shader before claling build again.
+     * See ShaderModule for more information, and how to change this.
+     */
+    class ComputePipelineBuilder : public PipelineBuilder {
+    public:
+        explicit ComputePipelineBuilder(std::optional<int> maxCache = std::nullopt) : PipelineBuilder(maxCache) {}
+
+        ComputePipelineBuilder(const ComputePipelineBuilder&) = delete;
+        ComputePipelineBuilder& operator=(const ComputePipelineBuilder&) = delete;
+
+        #define fluent ComputePipelineBuilder&
+
+        fluent name(std::string&& name);
+        fluent layout(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout>&& descLayouts, std::vector<VkPushConstantRange>&& pushConstants);
+        fluent shader(std::string&& path);
+
+        std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> build() const override;
+
+    private:
+        std::optional<std::string> shaderPath;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Pipeline configures:
+     *  - Shader Stages
+     *  - Fixed Function stages
+     *  - Vertex input bindings
+     *  - Vertex attributes
+     *  - Assembly
+     *  - Tesselation
+     *  - Viewport and Scissor
+     *  - Rasterization
+     *  - Multisampling
+     *  - Depth testing
+     *  - Stencil testing
+     *  - Color blending
+     *  - Dynamic states
+     *  - Pipeline layout
+     *      - Descriptor set layout
+     *      - Push constant ranges
+     *
+     * Create a Pipeline with one of the builders above.
+     */
+    class Pipeline {
+    public:
+        Pipeline(const Pipeline&) = delete;
+        Pipeline& operator=(const Pipeline&) = delete;
+
+        ~Pipeline();
+
+        void bind(const VkCommandBuffer& buffer) const;
+
+        const VkPipeline& operator*() const { return pipeline; }
+        const VkPipelineLayout& getLayout() const { return layout; }
+        VkPipelineBindPoint getBind() const { return bindPoint; }
+
+        static VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState getAlphaBlendState(bool blending) {
+            return {
+                blending, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
+                VK_BLEND_OP_ADD, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
+                VK_BLEND_OP_ADD, VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT
+            };
+        }
+
+    private:
+        friend std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> GraphicsPipelineBuilder::build() const;
+        friend std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> ComputePipelineBuilder::build() const;
+
+        Pipeline(std::string name, const VkPipeline& line, const VkPipelineLayout& lay, VkPipelineBindPoint bPoint)
+         : name(std::move(name)), pipeline(line), layout(lay), bindPoint(bPoint) {}
+
+        const std::string name;
+        // The active Pipeline layout.
+        const VkPipelineLayout layout;
+        // The active Pipeline instance.
+        const VkPipeline pipeline;
+        // Whether this is a graphics or compute pipeline
+        const VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/texture/RenderTexture.h

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <array>
-#include <vector>
-
-class RenderTexture {
-public:
-	// Create all image views and all framebuffers from a set of images, a format, a size, and the current rendering pass.
-	virtual void createViewsAndFramebuffer(std::vector<VkImage> images, VkFormat format, VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) = 0;
-	// Create views for swapChainImages with the given format.
-	virtual void createViews(VkFormat format) = 0;
-	// Create a framebuffer for the swapChainImages, for the given pass.
-	virtual void createFramebuffer(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) = 0;
-
-	virtual VkFramebuffer getFramebuffer(int ID) = 0;
-
-	virtual void destroy() = 0;
-};
-
-class SingleRenderTexture : public RenderTexture {
-public:
-	SingleRenderTexture();
-	~SingleRenderTexture();
-
-	// A list of all images involved with this texture (color, normals, etc)
-	std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
-	// The sizes of all attached images.
-	VkExtent2D swapChainImageExtent;
-
-	// Views - mipmaps, portions, crops, etc of the attached images.
-	std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
-	// Framebuffers containing the images that can be bound and rendered from.
-	std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;
-
-	VkFramebuffer getFramebuffer(int ID) override { return swapChainFramebuffers.at(ID); }
-
-	// Create all image views and all framebuffers from a set of images, a format, a size, and the current rendering pass.
-	void createViewsAndFramebuffer(std::vector<VkImage> images, VkFormat format, VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) override;
-	// Create views for swapChainImages with the given format.
-	void createViews(VkFormat format) override;
-	// Create a framebuffer for the swapChainImages, for the given pass.
-	void createFramebuffer(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) override;
-
-	void destroy() override;
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/CommandBuffer.h

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <vector>
-
-class CommandBuffer {
-public:
-
-	CommandBuffer();
-	~CommandBuffer();
-
-	VkCommandPool commands;
-	std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> buffers;
-
-	void createCommandPoolAndBuffers(size_t images);
-	void beginCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer);
-	void endCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer);
-
-	void createCommandPool();
-	void allocateCommandBuffers(size_t size);
-
-	void destroy();
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <set>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Image.h"
 
 class SwapChain {
 public:
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@ public:
 	VkFormat format;
 	VkExtent2D extent;
 
-	std::vector<VkImage> images;
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image>> images;
+    std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image> multisampleImg;
 
 	VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats);
 	VkPresentModeKHR chooseMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availableModes);

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h

@@ -4,19 +4,12 @@
 #include <functional>
 
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-
 #include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+#include "VulkanDevice.h"
+#include "exports.h"
+
 
 namespace VkTools {
-    extern VmaAllocator             g_allocator;
-    extern VkInstance               g_Instance;
-    extern VkPhysicalDevice         g_PhysicalDevice;
-    extern VkDevice                 g_Device;
-    extern uint32_t                 g_QueueFamily;
-    extern VkQueue                  g_Queue;
-    extern VkDebugReportCallbackEXT g_DebugReport;
-
     struct ManagedImage {
         VkImage image;
         VmaAllocation allocation;
@@ -27,194 +20,20 @@ namespace VkTools {
         VmaAllocation allocation;
     };
 
-    ManagedImage createImage(VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags flags, VkExtent3D extent, VkDevice device);
+    extern API VmaAllocator allocator;
-    VkSampler createSampler(VkFilter filters, VkSamplerAddressMode mode);
-    VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags flags, VkDevice device);
-    ManagedBuffer createGPUBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkDevice logicalDevice, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, bool hostVisible = true);
-    uint32_t findMemoryIndex(uint32_t type, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
-    VkCommandBuffer createTempCommandBuffer(VkCommandPool pool, VkDevice logical);
-    void executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer, VkCommandPool pool, VkQueue queue, VkDevice logicalDevice);
-    void copyGPUBuffer(VkBuffer source, VkBuffer dest, VkDeviceSize length, VkDevice logical, VkQueue graphicsQueue, uint32_t queueIndex);
 
+    ManagedImage createImage(VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags flags, VkExtent3D extent);
 
-    #ifdef VKTOOLS_IMPLEMENTATION
+    VkSampler createSampler(VkFilter filters, VkSamplerAddressMode mode, uint32_t mipping, VkDevice device);
-    ManagedImage createImage(VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags flags, VkExtent3D extent, VkDevice device) {
-        // Set up image metadata
-        VkImageCreateInfo info = {};
-        info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
-        info.pNext = nullptr;
-        info.format = format;
-        info.extent = extent;
-        info.mipLevels = 1;
-        info.arrayLayers = 1;
-        info.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-        info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
-        info.usage = flags;
 
-        // Prepare the managed image
+    VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags flags, uint32_t mipping, uint32_t layers,
-        ManagedImage image {};
+                                VkDevice device);
 
-        // Set up image allocation
+    ManagedBuffer createGPUBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties,
-        VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocateInfo = {};
+                                  VkDevice logicalDevice, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, bool hostVisible = true);
-        allocateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
 
-        // Allocate + create the image
+    void immediateExecute(const std::function<void(const VkCommandBuffer &)> &execute, VulkanDevice *dev);
-        vmaCreateImage(g_allocator, &info, &allocateInfo, &image.image, &image.allocation, nullptr);
 
-        return image;
+    void copyGPUBuffer(VkBuffer source, VkBuffer dest, VkDeviceSize length, VulkanDevice *dev);
 
-    }
-
-    VkSampler createSampler(VkFilter filters, VkSamplerAddressMode mode) {
-        VkSamplerCreateInfo info = {};
-        info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
-        info.pNext = nullptr;
-        info.magFilter = filters;
-        info.minFilter = filters;
-        info.addressModeU = mode;
-        info.addressModeV = mode;
-        info.addressModeW = mode;
-
-        VkSampler sampler;
-        vkCreateSampler(g_Device, &info, nullptr, &sampler);
-
-        return sampler;
-    }
-
-    VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags flags, VkDevice device) {
-        // Raw information about the image
-        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
-        viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
-        viewInfo.image = image;
-        viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
-        viewInfo.format = format;
-
-        // Information about the things we want to create - size, mip levels.
-        viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = flags;
-        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
-        viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
-        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
-
-        VkImageView imageView;
-        if (vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create texture image view.");
-
-        return imageView;
-    }
-
-    ManagedBuffer createGPUBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkDevice logicalDevice, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, bool hostVisible) {
-        // Prepare for creation of a buffer
-        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
-        bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
-        bufferInfo.size = size;
-        bufferInfo.usage = usage;
-        bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
-
-        ManagedBuffer buffer;
-
-        VmaAllocationCreateInfo vmaInfo = {};
-        vmaInfo.usage = hostVisible ? VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY : VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
-        vmaInfo.requiredFlags = properties;
-
-        // Create the buffer.
-        if (vmaCreateBuffer(g_allocator, &bufferInfo, &vmaInfo, &buffer.buffer, &buffer.allocation, nullptr) != VK_SUCCESS)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create GPU buffer");
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t findMemoryIndex(uint32_t type, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
-        // Get the physical properties of the device.
-        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physProperties;
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &physProperties);
-
-        // Iterate the device and search for a suitable index
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++)
-            // If the type matches, and the properties are what we desire, then ship it.
-            if ((type & (1 << i)) && ((physProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties))
-                return i;
-
-        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to find a suitable memory type on the physical device.");
-    }
-
-    VkCommandBuffer createTempCommandBuffer(VkCommandPool pool, VkDevice logical) {
-        // Prepare to allocate a command buffer
-        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {};
-        allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
-        allocateInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
-        allocateInfo.commandPool = pool;
-        allocateInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
-
-        // Allocate the buffer
-        VkCommandBuffer buffer;
-        vkAllocateCommandBuffers(logical, &allocateInfo, &buffer);
-
-        // Prepare to begin the new buffer.
-        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
-        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
-        beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
-
-        // Begin listening on the new buffer.
-        vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &beginInfo);
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    void executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer, VkCommandPool pool, VkQueue queue, VkDevice logicalDevice) {
-        // Stop listening on the buffer
-        vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer);
-
-        // Prepare to execute the commands in the buffer
-        VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
-        submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
-        submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
-        submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &buffer;
-
-        // Submit the commands to be executed
-        vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-
-        // Wait for the GPU to finish executing
-        vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
-
-        // Delete the now unusable buffers
-        vkFreeCommandBuffers(logicalDevice, pool, 1, &buffer);
-    }
-
-    void copyGPUBuffer(VkBuffer source, VkBuffer dest, VkDeviceSize length, VkDevice logical, VkQueue graphicsQueue, uint32_t queueIndex) {
-
-        // Prepare to create a temporary command pool.
-        VkCommandPool pool;
-        VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
-        poolCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-        poolCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueIndex;
-        poolCreateInfo.flags = 0;
-
-        // Create the pool
-        if (vkCreateCommandPool(logical, &poolCreateInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate a temporary command pool");
-
-        // Allocate a buffer
-        VkCommandBuffer commands = createTempCommandBuffer(pool, logical);
-
-        // ------ Commands are saved into the commands field ------ //
-
-        // Prepare to copy the data between buffers
-        VkBufferCopy copyInfo = {};
-        copyInfo.srcOffset = 0;
-        copyInfo.dstOffset = 0;
-        copyInfo.size = length;
-
-        // Copy the data.
-        vkCmdCopyBuffer(commands, source, dest, 1, &copyInfo);
-
-        // ------ Commands are no longer saved into the commands field ------ //
-
-        executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(commands, pool, graphicsQueue, logical);
-
-        // Cleanup the temporary buffer and pool we created
-        vkDestroyCommandPool(logical, pool, nullptr);
-    }
-
-    #endif
 }

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ public:
 	~ValidationAndExtension();
 
 	const std::vector<const char*> requiredValidations = {
-		"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
+		"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation",
+        //"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_api_dump"
 	};
 
 	VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback;

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ public:
 
 	/** Physical Devices **/
 	VkPhysicalDevice physical;
+    VkPhysicalDeviceLimits limits;
 	SwapChainMeta swapChain;
 	QueueFamilies queueData;
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/texture/RenderTexture.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/CommandBuffer.h>
-
-#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
-
-#include <SDL_vulkan.h>
-
-class VulkanManager {
-public:
-	VulkanManager();
-	~VulkanManager();
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	static const bool validationRequired = true;
-#else
-	static const bool validationRequired = false;
-#endif
-
-	// VulkanManager is a singleton class.
-	static VulkanManager* instance;
-	static VulkanManager* getInstance();
-
-	// Initialize all Vulkan context and prepare validations in debug mode.
-	void initVulkan(SDL_Window* window);
-	void createAppAndVulkanInstance(bool enableValidation, ValidationAndExtension* validations);
-
-	// Start and end a frame render.
-	void startDraw();
-	void endDraw();
-
-	// Cleanup after the application has closed.
-	void cleanup();
-
-	void useRayTrace() { rayTraceMode = true; }
-
-	VkInstance getVulkan() { return vulkan; }
-	VulkanDevice* getDevice() { return device; }
-	SwapChain* getSwapchain() { return swapchain; }
-	RenderPass* getRenderPass() { return renderPass; }
-	VkCommandBuffer getCurrentCommandBuffer() { return currentCommandBuffer; }
-	VmaAllocator getAllocator() { return allocator; }
-	RenderTexture* getRenderTarget() { return renderTexture; }
-
-private:
-    // To keep track of the window during... stuff
-    SDL_Window* wnd;
-
-	// To handle the validation of Vulkan API usage (because fuck you, it's your problem now)
-	ValidationAndExtension* validators{};
-	// To manage interaction with the hardware
-	VulkanDevice* device{};
-	// To handle the framebuffers
-	SwapChain* swapchain{};
-	// To handle the timing of rendering
-	RenderPass* renderPass{};
-
-	// To handle automatic management of memory.
-	VmaAllocator allocator{};
-
-	// The default RenderTexture, mirroring the SwapChain to the viewport.
-	RenderTexture* renderTexture;
-	// The command buffers used when telling the firmware to do things for us.
-	CommandBuffer* buffers{};
-
-	// To manage the Vulkan context that was passed to us by the API
-	VkInstance vulkan{};
-	// To manage the canvas that was given to us by GLFW
-	VkSurfaceKHR surface{};
-
-	// The index of the texture that is currently being used by the GPU.
-	uint32_t imageIndex = 0;
-	// The command buffer currently being used by the GPU.
-	VkCommandBuffer currentCommandBuffer{};
-
-	// The maximum number of frames that can be dealt with at a time.
-	const int MAX_FRAMES = 2; // Double-buffering requires two frames in memory
-	// Raised when a new image is available
-	VkSemaphore newImageSem{};
-	// Raised when a render is finished
-	VkSemaphore renderDoneSem{};
-	// Stores fences for frames that are currently "in flight".
-	std::vector<VkFence> inFlight;
-
-	bool rayTraceMode;
-
-};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h>
+
+#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <SDL_vulkan.h>
+#include <core/Module.h>
+#include "SwapChain.h"
+
+namespace vlkx { class ScreenRenderPassManager; }
+
+class VulkanModule : public ShadowEngine::RendererModule {
+    SHObject_Base(VulkanModule);
+public:
+
+    VulkanModule();
+	~VulkanModule() override;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	static const bool validationRequired = true;
+#else
+	static const bool validationRequired = false;
+#endif
+
+    void PreInit() override;
+
+    void Init() override;
+
+    void Recreate() override;
+
+    void Update(int frame) override;
+
+    void PreRender() override;
+
+    void Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override;
+
+    void OverlayRender() override;
+
+    void LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override;
+
+    void AfterFrameEnd() override;
+
+    void Destroy() override;
+
+    void Event(SDL_Event* e) override;
+
+    void BeginRenderPass(const std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderCommand>& commands) override;
+
+    void EnableEditor() override;
+
+    VkExtent2D GetRenderExtent() override;
+
+	// VulkanModule is a singleton class.
+	static VulkanModule* instance;
+	static VulkanModule* getInstance();
+
+	// Initialize all Vulkan context and prepare validations in debug mode.
+	void initVulkan(SDL_Window* window);
+	void createAppAndVulkanInstance(bool enableValidation, ValidationAndExtension* validations);
+
+	// Start and end a frame render.
+	void startDraw();
+	void endDraw();
+
+	// Cleanup after the application has closed.
+	void cleanup();
+
+	VkInstance getVulkan() { return vulkan; }
+	VulkanDevice* getDevice() { return device; }
+	SwapChain* getSwapchain() { return swapchain; }
+	VmaAllocator getAllocator() { return allocator; }
+    SDL_Window* getWind() { return wnd; }
+    const std::unique_ptr<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager>& getRenderPass();
+
+
+private:
+    bool editorEnabled = false;
+    std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> editorRenderPlanes;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image>> editorContentFrames;
+
+    // The SDL Window contains the size of the drawable area.
+    SDL_Window* wnd;
+	// To handle the validation of Vulkan API usage
+	ValidationAndExtension* validators{};
+	// To manage interaction with the hardware
+	VulkanDevice* device{};
+	// To handle the framebuffers
+	SwapChain* swapchain{};
+	// To handle automatic management of memory.
+	VmaAllocator allocator{};
+	// To manage the Vulkan context that was passed to us by the API
+	VkInstance vulkan{};
+	// To manage the canvas that was given to us by GLFW
+	VkSurfaceKHR surface{};
+
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+    // Root buffer class.
+    // Used to store & move data between the CPU and GPU.
+    // Basically; hotspot!
+    // Utilities and subclasses exist to optimise and speed up transfer and management of data in bulk.
+    class Buffer {
+    public:
+        // Metadata of CPU->GPU data copying.
+        struct CopyMeta {
+            const void* data;    // The start of data in RAM
+            VkDeviceSize length; // The amount of data to move
+            VkDeviceSize start;  // The start (destination) in GPU memory
+        };
+
+        // Metadata of bulk CPU->GPU data copying.
+        struct BulkCopyMeta {
+            VkDeviceSize length;  // The total data size of all transfers.
+            std::vector<CopyMeta> metas;
+        };
+
+        Buffer(const Buffer&) = delete;
+        Buffer& operator=(const Buffer&) = delete;
+
+        Buffer();
+
+        virtual ~Buffer() {
+        }
+
+    protected:
+    };
+
+    /*******************************************/
+    /**                                        */
+    /**         START OF DATA BUFFERS          */
+    /**                                        */
+    /*******************************************/
+
+    // A buffer that stores data on GPU.
+    // Usage of the data is determined by child classes.
+    class DataBuffer : public Buffer {
+    public:
+        DataBuffer(const DataBuffer&) = delete;
+        DataBuffer& operator=(const DataBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        DataBuffer() = default;
+
+        ~DataBuffer() override {
+            vmaDestroyBuffer(VkTools::allocator, managed.buffer, managed.allocation);
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        using Buffer::Buffer;
+
+        void setBuffer(const VkTools::ManagedBuffer& buffer) { managed = buffer; }
+        VkTools::ManagedBuffer get() const { return managed; }
+        const VkBuffer& getBuffer() const { return managed.buffer; }
+
+    private:
+        VkTools::ManagedBuffer managed;
+    };
+
+    // A buffer visible to both GPU and CPU.
+    // Useful for uploading data to GPU for format conversions.
+    class StagingBuffer : public DataBuffer {
+    public:
+        StagingBuffer(const BulkCopyMeta& copyMeta);
+
+        StagingBuffer(const StagingBuffer&) = delete;
+        StagingBuffer& operator=(const StagingBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        void copy(const VkBuffer& target) const;
+
+    private:
+        const VkDeviceSize dataSize;
+    };
+
+    // Root class of vertex buffers.
+    // Provides utilities for subclasses.
+    class VertexBuffer : public DataBuffer {
+    public:
+        VertexBuffer(const VertexBuffer&) = delete;
+        VertexBuffer& operator=(const VertexBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        // Get attributes of vertexes in the buffer
+        // Location will start from "start"
+        // Binding will not be set
+        std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> getAttrs(uint32_t start) const;
+
+        // Draw these vertexes without a buffer per vertex.
+        static void draw(const VkCommandBuffer& buffer, uint32_t verts, uint32_t instances);
+
+    protected:
+        friend class DynamicBuffer;
+
+        explicit VertexBuffer(std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs) : DataBuffer(), attributes(attrs) {}
+
+        // Initialize device memory and the managed buffer.
+        // indices and vertexes are put in the same buffer.
+        // if dynamic, the buffer will be host visible, this allows dynamic text.
+        // otherwise, the buffer is device local.
+        void create(VkDeviceSize totalSize, bool dynamic, bool indexes);
+
+        const std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributes;
+    };
+
+    /*******************************************/
+    /**                                        */
+    /**           END OF DATA BUFFERS          */
+    /**                                        */
+    /*******************************************/
+
+    // A simple plugin to allow the vertex buffer to be widened when reserved with a larger size.
+    class DynamicBuffer {
+    public:
+        DynamicBuffer(const DynamicBuffer&) = delete;
+        DynamicBuffer& operator=(const DynamicBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        ~DynamicBuffer() = default;
+
+    protected:
+
+        DynamicBuffer(size_t size, bool hasIndices, VertexBuffer* buffer);
+
+        // Reallocate the vertex buffer if the given pSize is larger than the available space
+        void resize(size_t pSize);
+
+        VkDeviceSize bufferSize() const { return size; }
+
+    private:
+
+        const bool hasIndices;
+        VertexBuffer* vertexBuffer;
+        VkDeviceSize size = 0;
+    };
+
+    /*******************************************/
+    /**                                        */
+    /**      START OF PER-VERTEX BUFFERS       */
+    /**                                        */
+    /*******************************************/
+
+    // Root class of buffers that store per-vertex data.
+    // eg. shader data
+    class PerVertexBuffer : public VertexBuffer {
+    public:
+        // Interprets the layout of data in containers (vector, etc)
+        struct VertexDataMeta {
+            template <typename C>
+            VertexDataMeta(const C& cont, int unitsPerMesh) : data(cont.data()), unitsPerMesh(unitsPerMesh), sizePerMesh(sizeof(cont[0]) * unitsPerMesh) {}
+
+            template <typename C>
+            VertexDataMeta(const C& cont) : VertexDataMeta(cont, static_cast<int>(cont.size())) {}
+
+            const void* data;
+            int unitsPerMesh;
+            size_t sizePerMesh;
+        };
+
+        // Interface for buffer data.
+        class BufferDataMeta {
+        public:
+            virtual ~BufferDataMeta() = default;
+            // Populate info and return a bulk copy meta for copying the data to device
+            virtual BulkCopyMeta prepareCopy(PerVertexBuffer* buffer) const = 0;
+            // Indicate whether the buffer contains index data too
+            virtual bool hasIndices() const = 0;
+        };
+
+        // Meshes do not share indices, with variable vertices.
+        class NoIndexBufferMeta : public BufferDataMeta {
+        public:
+            explicit NoIndexBufferMeta(std::vector<VertexDataMeta>&& perVertex) : perMeshVertices(perVertex) {}
+
+            BulkCopyMeta prepareCopy(PerVertexBuffer* buffer) const override;
+            bool hasIndices() const override { return false; };
+        private:
+            const std::vector<VertexDataMeta> perMeshVertices;
+        };
+
+        // Meshes share indices, with static vertices.
+        class SharedIndexMeta : public BufferDataMeta {
+        public:
+            SharedIndexMeta(int meshes, const VertexDataMeta& perVertex, const VertexDataMeta& sharedIndices) : meshes(meshes),
+                                                                                                                perMeshVertex(perVertex),
+                                                                                                                sharedIndices(sharedIndices) {}
+            BulkCopyMeta prepareCopy(PerVertexBuffer* buffer) const override;
+            bool hasIndices() const override { return true; };
+        private:
+            const int meshes;
+            const VertexDataMeta perMeshVertex;
+            const VertexDataMeta sharedIndices;
+        };
+
+        // Meshes do not share indexes, with variable indices and vertices.
+        class NoShareMeta : public BufferDataMeta {
+        public:
+            struct PerMesh {
+                VertexDataMeta indices;
+                VertexDataMeta vertices;
+            };
+
+            explicit NoShareMeta(std::vector<PerMesh>&& perMesh) : perMeshMeta(std::move(perMesh)) {}
+
+            BulkCopyMeta prepareCopy(PerVertexBuffer* buffer) const override;
+            bool hasIndices() const override { return true; };
+        private:
+            const std::vector<PerMesh> perMeshMeta;
+        };
+
+        PerVertexBuffer(const PerVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+        PerVertexBuffer& operator=(const PerVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        // Render mesh a given number of times, into a recording buffer.
+        void draw(const VkCommandBuffer& buffer, uint32_t bind, int index, uint32_t instances) const;
+
+    protected:
+        using VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer;
+
+        // Stores vertex data for buffers without indices
+        struct MeshDataNoIndex {
+            struct Info {
+                uint32_t vertexCount;
+                VkDeviceSize vertexStart;
+            };
+
+            std::vector<Info> info;
+        };
+
+        // Stores vertex and index data for buffers with both
+        struct MeshDataIndex {
+            struct Info {
+                uint32_t indexCount;
+                VkDeviceSize indexStart;
+                VkDeviceSize vertexStart;
+            };
+
+            std::vector<Info> info;
+        };
+
+        std::variant<MeshDataNoIndex, MeshDataIndex>* getInfo() { return &meshDataInfo; }
+
+    private:
+
+        std::variant<MeshDataNoIndex, MeshDataIndex> meshDataInfo;
+    };
+
+    // Stores static data for one-time upload.
+    class StaticPerVertexBuffer : public PerVertexBuffer {
+    public:
+        StaticPerVertexBuffer(const BufferDataMeta& info, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs);
+
+        StaticPerVertexBuffer(const StaticPerVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+        StaticPerVertexBuffer& operator=(const StaticPerVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+    };
+
+    // Stores host-visible data that can be reallocated.
+    class DynamicPerVertexBuffer : public PerVertexBuffer, public DynamicBuffer {
+    public:
+        DynamicPerVertexBuffer(size_t size, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs) : PerVertexBuffer(std::move(attrs)), DynamicBuffer(size, true, this) {}
+
+        DynamicPerVertexBuffer(const DynamicPerVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+        DynamicPerVertexBuffer& operator=(const DynamicPerVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        void copyToDevice(const BufferDataMeta& meta);
+    };
+
+    /*******************************************/
+    /**                                        */
+    /**       END OF PER-VERTEX BUFFERS        */
+    /**                                        */
+    /*******************************************/
+
+    // Root class of buffers that store vertex data per instance of a mesh.
+    class PerInstanceVertexBuffer : public VertexBuffer {
+    public:
+        PerInstanceVertexBuffer(const PerInstanceVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+        PerInstanceVertexBuffer& operator=(const PerInstanceVertexBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        void bind(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, uint32_t bindPoint, int offset) const;
+
+        uint32_t getSize() const { return sizePerInstance; }
+
+    protected:
+        PerInstanceVertexBuffer(uint32_t size, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs) : VertexBuffer(std::move(attrs)), sizePerInstance(size) {}
+    private:
+        const uint32_t sizePerInstance;
+    };
+
+    // Stores vertices that are static per instance of the mesh.
+    class StaticPerInstanceBuffer : public PerInstanceVertexBuffer {
+    public:
+        StaticPerInstanceBuffer(uint32_t size, const void* data, uint32_t instances, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs);
+
+        template <typename C>
+        StaticPerInstanceBuffer(const C& cont, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs) : StaticPerInstanceBuffer(sizeof(cont[0]), cont.data(), CONTAINER_SIZE(cont), std::move(attrs)) {}
+
+        StaticPerInstanceBuffer(const StaticPerInstanceBuffer&) = delete;
+        StaticPerInstanceBuffer& operator=(const StaticPerInstanceBuffer&) = delete;
+    };
+
+    // Stores vertices of meshes that are dynamic (ie. text, shifting meshes
+    class DynamicPerInstanceBuffer : public PerInstanceVertexBuffer, public DynamicBuffer {
+    public:
+        DynamicPerInstanceBuffer(uint32_t size, size_t maxInstances, std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>&& attrs) : PerInstanceVertexBuffer(size, std::move(attrs)), DynamicBuffer(size * maxInstances, false, this) {}
+
+        DynamicPerInstanceBuffer(const DynamicPerInstanceBuffer&) = delete;
+        DynamicPerInstanceBuffer& operator=(const DynamicPerInstanceBuffer*) = delete;
+
+        void copyToDevice(const void* data, uint32_t instances);
+
+        template <typename C>
+        void copyToDevice(const C& cont) {
+            copyToDevice(cont.data(), CONTAINER_SIZE(cont));
+        }
+    };
+
+    /*******************************************/
+    /**                                        */
+    /**      END OF PER-INSTANCE BUFFERS       */
+    /**                                        */
+    /*******************************************/
+
+    // Holds uniform data on host and device.
+    // Supports superallocating (allocating more than one "set" of uniforms at once)
+    // Data is stored on host and device simultaneously, so set the host data and flush it to the device.
+    class UniformBuffer : public DataBuffer {
+    public:
+        UniformBuffer(size_t chunkSize, int chunks);
+
+        UniformBuffer(const UniformBuffer&) = delete;
+        UniformBuffer& operator=(const UniformBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        ~UniformBuffer() override { delete data; }
+
+        // Whether this buffer holds a single chunk (is not superallocated).
+        // Simplifies certain algorithms significantly if you know this beforehand
+        bool isSingle() const { return numChunks == 1; }
+
+        // Get the data in the buffer, casted to the given type
+        template <typename DataType>
+        DataType* getData(int index) const {
+            checkIndex(index);
+            return reinterpret_cast<DataType*>(data + chunkSize * index);
+        }
+
+        // Upload (flush) the uniform to the GPU
+        void upload(int index) const;
+        void upload(int index, VkDeviceSize dataSize, VkDeviceSize start) const;
+
+        static VkDescriptorType getDescriptorType() { return VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER; }
+
+        VkDescriptorBufferInfo getDescriptorInfo(int index) const;
+
+    private:
+        void checkIndex(int index) const;
+
+        char* data;
+        const size_t chunkSize;
+        const int numChunks;
+
+        size_t chunkLength;
+    };
+
+    // A small, highly efficient buffer much like the Uniform Buffer.
+    class PushConstant {
+    public:
+        // Size must be < 128.
+        PushConstant(size_t size, int numFrames);
+
+        PushConstant(const PushConstant&) = delete;
+        PushConstant& operator=(const PushConstant&) = delete;
+
+        ~PushConstant() { delete[] data; }
+
+        // Whether this buffer holds a single chunk (is not superallocated).
+        // Simplifies certain algorithms significantly if you know this beforehand
+        bool isSingle() const { return numFrames == 1; }
+
+        uint32_t getSize() const { return sizePerFrame; }
+
+        // Get the data in the buffer, casted to the given type
+        template <typename DataType>
+        DataType* getData(int frame) const {
+            checkIndex(frame);
+            return reinterpret_cast<DataType*>(data + (sizePerFrame * frame));
+        }
+
+        VkPushConstantRange makeRange(VkShaderStageFlags stage) {
+            return VkPushConstantRange { stage, 0, sizePerFrame };
+        }
+
+        // Upload (flush) the uniform to the GPU
+        void upload(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, const VkPipelineLayout& pipelineLayout, int frame, uint32_t offset, VkShaderStageFlags stage) const;
+
+
+    private:
+        void checkIndex(int index) const;
+
+        char* data;
+        const uint32_t sizePerFrame;
+        const int numFrames;
+    };
+
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.h

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include "Queue.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    // Root class of VkCommandBuffer wrappers.
+    class CommandBuffer {
+    public:
+        using Command = std::function<void(const VkCommandBuffer& buffer)>;
+
+        CommandBuffer(const CommandBuffer&) = delete;
+        CommandBuffer& operator=(const CommandBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        virtual ~CommandBuffer() {
+            vkDestroyCommandPool(dev->logical, pool, nullptr);
+        }
+    protected:
+        CommandBuffer();
+
+        void setPool(const VkCommandPool& newPool) { pool = newPool; }
+        VulkanDevice* dev;
+    private:
+        VkCommandPool pool;
+    };
+
+    // A command buffer that will be immediately executed.
+    class ImmediateCommand : public CommandBuffer {
+    public:
+        ImmediateCommand(Queue queue);
+
+        ImmediateCommand(const ImmediateCommand&) = delete;
+        ImmediateCommand& operator=(const ImmediateCommand&) = delete;
+
+        void run(const Command& cmd);
+
+    private:
+        const Queue queue;
+        VkCommandBuffer commands;
+    };
+
+    // A command buffer that will be reused every frame.
+    class RenderCommand : public CommandBuffer {
+    public:
+        using Command = std::function<void(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, uint32_t framebuffer)>;
+        using Update = std::function<void(int frame)>;
+
+        ~RenderCommand() override {
+            // Destroy our own data
+            vkDestroySemaphore(dev->logical, renderDoneSem, nullptr);
+            vkDestroySemaphore(dev->logical, newImageSem, nullptr);
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                vkDestroyFence(dev->logical, inFlight[i], nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        RenderCommand(int frames);
+
+        RenderCommand(const RenderCommand&) = delete;
+        RenderCommand& operator=(const RenderCommand&) = delete;
+
+        uint32_t getFrame() { return imageIndex; }
+
+        void nextFrame() { imageIndex = (imageIndex + 1) % 2; }
+
+        std::optional<VkResult> execute(int frame, const VkSwapchainKHR& swapchain, const Update& update, const Command& cmd);
+        // Renders a single frame out, no semaphores or fences.
+        std::optional<VkResult> executeSimple(int frame, const Update& update, const Command& cmd);
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> commands;
+        // Raised when a new image is available
+        VkSemaphore newImageSem;
+        // Raised when a render is finished
+        VkSemaphore renderDoneSem;
+        // Stores fences for frames that are currently "in flight".
+        std::vector<VkFence> inFlight;
+
+        // The index of the texture that is currently being used by the GPU.
+        uint32_t imageIndex = 0;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Descriptor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <temp/model/Loader.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    class Descriptor {
+    public:
+        using TextureType = vlkxtemp::ModelLoader::TextureType;
+        using BufferInfos = std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<VkDescriptorBufferInfo>>;
+        using ImageInfos = std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<VkDescriptorImageInfo>>;
+
+        struct Meta {
+            struct Binding {
+                uint32_t bindPoint;
+                uint32_t length;
+            };
+
+            VkDescriptorType type;
+            VkShaderStageFlags stage;
+            std::vector<Binding> bindings;
+        };
+
+        Descriptor(const Descriptor&) = delete;
+        Descriptor& operator=(const Descriptor&) = delete;
+
+        virtual ~Descriptor() {
+            vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, layout, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        const VkDescriptorSetLayout& getLayout() const { return layout; }
+
+    protected:
+        explicit Descriptor() = default;
+
+        void setLayout(const VkDescriptorSetLayout& newLayout) { layout = newLayout; }
+
+    private:
+        VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
+    };
+
+    class StaticDescriptor : public Descriptor {
+    public:
+
+        StaticDescriptor(std::vector<Meta> metas);
+        StaticDescriptor(const StaticDescriptor&) = delete;
+        StaticDescriptor& operator=(const StaticDescriptor&) = delete;
+
+        ~StaticDescriptor() override {
+            vkDestroyDescriptorPool(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pool, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        const StaticDescriptor& buffers(VkDescriptorType type, const BufferInfos& infos) const;
+        const StaticDescriptor& images(VkDescriptorType type, const ImageInfos& infos) const;
+
+        void bind(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, const VkPipelineLayout& layout, VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint) const;
+
+    private:
+
+        const StaticDescriptor& updateSet(const std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet>& write) const;
+
+        VkDescriptorPool pool;
+        VkDescriptorSet set;
+    };
+
+    // TODO: dynamic sets
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Image.h

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h"
+#include "ImageUsage.h"
+#include <shadow/util/RefCounter.h>
+#include "Buffer.h"
+#include <array>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    // Describes an image without initializing or storing any heavy data.
+    class ImageDescriptor {
+    public:
+        enum class Type { Single, Cubemap };
+        struct Dimension {
+            uint32_t width;
+            uint32_t height;
+            uint32_t channels;
+
+            VkExtent2D getExtent() const { return { width, height }; }
+            size_t getSize() const { return width * height * channels; }
+        };
+
+        Type getType() const { return type; }
+        VkExtent2D getExtent() const { return dimensions.getExtent(); }
+        uint32_t getWidth() const { return dimensions.width; }
+        uint32_t getHeight() const { return dimensions.height; }
+        uint32_t getChannels() const { return dimensions.channels; }
+
+        std::vector<void*> getData() const {
+            if (type == Type::Single) return { (void*) data };
+            std::vector<void*> dataPtrs;
+            dataPtrs.reserve(6);
+
+            size_t offset = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+                dataPtrs.emplace_back((char*) data + offset);
+                offset += dimensions.getSize();
+            }
+
+            return dataPtrs;
+        }
+
+        int getLayers() const { return type == Type::Single ? 1 : 6; }
+
+        ImageDescriptor(Type t, const Dimension& d, const void* ptr) : type(t), dimensions(d), data(ptr) {}
+
+    private:
+        Type type;
+        Dimension dimensions;
+        const void* data;
+
+    };
+
+    // A staging buffer specialized for uploading images.
+    class ImageStagingBuffer : public StagingBuffer {
+    public:
+        using StagingBuffer::StagingBuffer;
+
+        ImageStagingBuffer(const ImageStagingBuffer&) = delete;
+        ImageStagingBuffer& operator=(const ImageStagingBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        void copy(const VkImage& target, const VkExtent3D& extent, uint32_t layers) const;
+    };
+
+    // Root class that stores image data on GPU buffers
+    class ImageBuffer : public Buffer {
+    public:
+        ImageBuffer(const ImageBuffer&) = delete;
+        ImageBuffer& operator=(const ImageBuffer&) = delete;
+
+        ~ImageBuffer() override {
+            vmaDestroyImage(VkTools::allocator, image.image, image.allocation);
+        }
+
+        const VkTools::ManagedImage& get() const { return image; }
+        const VkImage& getImage() const { return image.image; }
+
+    protected:
+        using Buffer::Buffer;
+
+        void setImage(const VkTools::ManagedImage newImg) { image = newImg; }
+
+    private:
+        VkTools::ManagedImage image;
+
+    };
+
+    // Base class of all images; stores the common data.
+    class Image {
+    public:
+        Image(const Image&) = delete;
+        Image& operator=(const Image&) = delete;
+
+        virtual ~Image() {
+            vkDestroyImageView(dev->logical, view, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        static VkDescriptorType getSampleType() { return VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER; }
+        static VkDescriptorType getLinearType() { return VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE; }
+
+        static ImageDescriptor loadSingleFromDisk(std::string path, bool flipY);
+        // The following are left unimplemented intentionally.
+        //static ImageDescriptor loadSingleFromVFS(std::string path, bool flipY);
+        static ImageDescriptor loadCubeFromDisk(const std::string& directory, const std::array<std::string, 6>& files, bool flipY);
+        //static ImageDescriptor loadCubeFromVFS(std::string directory, const std::array<std::string, 6>& files, bool flipY);
+
+        virtual ImageUsage getUsage() const { return ImageUsage {}; }
+
+        const VkTools::ManagedImage& operator*() const { return get(); }
+
+        virtual const VkTools::ManagedImage& get() const = 0;
+        virtual const VkImage& getImage() const = 0;
+
+        const VkImageView& getView() const { return view; }
+        const VkExtent2D& getExtent() const { return extent; }
+        VkFormat getFormat() const { return format; }
+        virtual VkSampleCountFlagBits getSamples() const { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT; }
+
+
+    protected:
+        Image(const VkExtent2D& ext, VkFormat form);
+
+        void setView(const VkImageView& imgView) { view = imgView; }
+
+        VulkanDevice* dev;
+        VkImageView view;
+        VkExtent2D extent;
+        VkFormat format;
+        VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount;
+    };
+
+    // Configures image sampling in a sensible and extensible way
+    class ImageSampler {
+    public:
+        struct Config {
+            explicit Config(VkFilter filter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR, VkSamplerAddressMode mode = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT) : filter(filter), mode(mode) {}
+
+            VkFilter filter;
+            VkSamplerAddressMode mode;
+        };
+
+        ImageSampler(int mipLevels, const Config& config);
+
+        ImageSampler(const ImageSampler&) = delete;
+        ImageSampler& operator=(const ImageSampler&) = delete;
+
+        ~ImageSampler() {
+            vkDestroySampler(dev->logical, sampler, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        const VkSampler& operator*() const { return sampler; }
+
+    private:
+        VkSampler sampler;
+        VulkanDevice* dev;
+    };
+
+    // Root of images which can be sampled.
+    class SamplableImage {
+    public:
+        virtual ~SamplableImage() = default;
+
+        // Return a VkDescriptorImageInfo we can use to update sets.
+        virtual VkDescriptorImageInfo getInfo(VkImageLayout layout) const = 0;
+        VkDescriptorImageInfo getInfoForSampling() const { return getInfo(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL); }
+        VkDescriptorImageInfo getInfoForLinear() const { return getInfo(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL); }
+    };
+
+    // A samplable image that lives on the GPU, with optional mipmapping.
+    // Use a RefCountedTexture when loading from files.
+    class TextureImage : public Image, public SamplableImage {
+    public:
+        // Image metadata
+        struct Meta {
+            VkExtent2D getExtent() const { return { width, height }; }
+            VkExtent3D get3DExtent() const { return { width, height, channels }; }
+
+            Buffer::BulkCopyMeta getCopyMeta() const;
+
+            std::vector<void*> data;
+            std::vector<ImageUsage> usages;
+            VkFormat format;
+            uint32_t width;
+            uint32_t height;
+            uint32_t channels;
+        };
+
+        TextureImage(bool mipmapping, const ImageSampler::Config& samplerConfig, const Meta& meta);
+        TextureImage(bool mipmapping, const ImageDescriptor& image, const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages, const ImageSampler::Config& config);
+
+        TextureImage(const TextureImage&) = delete;
+        TextureImage& operator=(const TextureImage&) = delete;
+
+        const VkTools::ManagedImage& get() const override { return buffer.get(); }
+        const VkImage& getImage() const override { return buffer.getImage(); }
+
+        VkDescriptorImageInfo getInfo(VkImageLayout layout) const override {
+            return { *sampler, getView(), layout };
+        }
+        // Textures are sampled in fragment shaders.
+        ImageUsage getUsage() const override {
+            return ImageUsage::sampledFragment();
+        }
+    private:
+        class TextureBuffer : public ImageBuffer {
+        public:
+            TextureBuffer(bool mipmaps, const Meta& meta);
+
+            TextureBuffer(const TextureBuffer&) = delete;
+            TextureBuffer& operator=(const TextureBuffer&) = delete;
+
+            int getMipping() const { return mipLevels; }
+        private:
+            int mipLevels = 1;
+        };
+
+        const TextureBuffer buffer;
+        const ImageSampler sampler;
+    };
+
+    // A texture image that lives on GPU that is reference counted.
+    // This allows it to be reused multiple times without reading the file in more than once.
+    // It also allows the texture to be destructed automatically once nothing in the scene uses it, for eg. level changes.
+    class RefCountedTexture : public SamplableImage {
+    public:
+        // Cubemaps are simply 6 textures, so we include them here for easy instantiation.
+        struct CubemapLocation {
+            std::string directory;
+            std::array<std::string, 6> files;
+        };
+
+        // Reference Counting works on both individual files and cubemaps, so we put them together.
+        using ImageLocation = std::variant<std::string, CubemapLocation>;
+
+        RefCountedTexture(const ImageLocation& location, std::vector<ImageUsage> usages, const ImageSampler::Config& config)
+            : texture(get(location, std::move(usages), config)) {}
+
+        RefCountedTexture(RefCountedTexture&&) noexcept = default;
+        RefCountedTexture& operator=(RefCountedTexture&&) noexcept = default;
+
+        VkDescriptorImageInfo getInfo(VkImageLayout layout) const override {
+            return texture->getInfo(layout);
+        }
+
+        const Image* operator->() const { return texture.operator->(); }
+
+    private:
+        using ReferenceCounter = shadowutil::RefCounter<TextureImage>;
+        // Get or load the specified image.
+        static ReferenceCounter get(const ImageLocation& location, const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages, const ImageSampler::Config& config);
+
+        ReferenceCounter texture;
+    };
+
+    // TODO: unowned, offscreen images.
+
+    // Image that can be used as a depth / stencil buffer attachment.
+    class DepthStencilImage : public Image {
+    public:
+        DepthStencilImage(const DepthStencilImage&) = delete;
+        DepthStencilImage& operator=(const DepthStencilImage&) = delete;
+
+        DepthStencilImage(const VkExtent2D& extent);
+
+        const VkTools::ManagedImage& get() const override { return buffer.get(); }
+        const VkImage& getImage() const override { return buffer.getImage(); }
+
+    private:
+        class DepthStencilBuffer : public ImageBuffer {
+        public:
+            DepthStencilBuffer(const VkExtent2D& extent, VkFormat format);
+            DepthStencilBuffer(const DepthStencilBuffer&) = delete;
+            DepthStencilBuffer& operator=(const DepthStencilBuffer&) = delete;
+        };
+
+        const DepthStencilBuffer buffer;
+    };
+
+    // Image that references an existing image on the swapchain
+    class SwapchainImage : public Image {
+    public:
+        SwapchainImage(const SwapchainImage&) = delete;
+        SwapchainImage& operator=(const SwapchainImage&) = delete;
+
+        SwapchainImage(const VkImage& image, const VkExtent2D& extent, VkFormat format);
+
+        const VkTools::ManagedImage& get() const override { return managed; }
+        const VkImage& getImage() const override { return image; }
+
+    private:
+        VkImage image;
+        VkTools::ManagedImage managed;
+    };
+
+    class MultisampleImage : public Image {
+    public:
+        enum class Mode {
+            MostEfficient,
+            Highest
+        };
+
+        static std::unique_ptr<Image> createColor(const Image& targetImage, Mode mode);
+        static std::unique_ptr<Image> createDepthStencilMS(const VkExtent2D& extent, Mode mode);
+        static std::unique_ptr<Image> createDepthStencil(VkExtent2D& extent, std::optional<Mode> mode);
+
+        const VkTools::ManagedImage& get() const override { return buffer.get(); }
+        const VkImage& getImage() const override { return buffer.getImage(); }
+
+        VkSampleCountFlagBits getSamples() const override { return samples; }
+    private:
+        class MultisampleBuffer : public ImageBuffer {
+        public:
+            enum class Type { Color, DepthStencil };
+
+            MultisampleBuffer(Type type, const VkExtent2D& extent, VkFormat format, VkSampleCountFlagBits samples);
+            MultisampleBuffer(const MultisampleBuffer&) = delete;
+            MultisampleBuffer& operator=(const MultisampleBuffer&) = delete;
+        };
+
+        MultisampleImage(const VkExtent2D& extent, VkFormat format, Mode mode, MultisampleBuffer::Type type);
+
+        VkSampleCountFlagBits chooseSamples(Mode mode);
+
+        const VkSampleCountFlagBits samples;
+        const MultisampleBuffer buffer;
+    };
+
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/ImageUsage.h

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+    /**
+     * Describes how an image (collection of color data) will be used in the GPU.
+     * Has three parts; an overall description, access methods, and location of access.
+     * Use the static methods to create an instance, or the blank initializer and set fields as required.
+     */
+    class ImageUsage {
+    public:
+        enum class Type {
+            DontCare,           // Image is unused
+            RenderTarget,       // Color attachment is used
+            DepthStencil,       // Depth / Stencil buffer is used
+            Multisample,        // Resolves to a multisampled image
+            Presentation,       // Framebuffer for presentation
+            LinearAccess,       // Host-Readable
+            InputAttachment,    // Only what we write, is read.
+            Sampled,            // Image is sampled (ie. texture)
+            Transfer            // Image is used as an intermediate for transfer.
+        };
+
+        enum class Access {
+            DontCare,           // Image is unused
+            ReadOnly,           // Read Only access.
+            WriteOnly,          // Write Only access.
+            ReadWrite,          // Read/Write access.
+        };
+
+        enum class Location {
+            DontCare,           // Image is unused
+            Host,               // Image only exists on the host and will be transferred.
+            VertexShader,       // Image is only used in the VertexAll Shader.
+            FragmentShader,     // Image is only used in the Fragment Shader.
+            ComputeShader,      // Image is only used in a Compute Shader.
+            Other,              // Reserved.
+        };
+
+        // Sampled in a fragment shader. Read-Only.
+        static ImageUsage sampledFragment() { return { Type::Sampled, Access::ReadOnly, Location::FragmentShader }; };
+        // Used as a render target (a render pass will output to this image). Read/Write.
+        static ImageUsage renderTarget(int loc) { return { Type::RenderTarget, Access::ReadWrite, Location::Other, loc}; };
+        // Resolves to a multisampled image. Write-Only.
+        static ImageUsage multisample() { return { Type::Multisample, Access::WriteOnly, Location::Other }; };
+        // A depth or stencil buffer. Access is given, but must not be DontCare.
+        static ImageUsage depthStencil(Access acc) { return { Type::DepthStencil, acc, Location::Other}; };
+        // Used to show to the user. Write-Only.
+        static ImageUsage presentation() { return { Type::Presentation, Access::ReadOnly, Location::Other }; };
+        // Input attachment for a fragment shader. Usually a texture. Read-Only.
+        static ImageUsage input() { return { Type::InputAttachment, Access::ReadOnly, Location::FragmentShader }; };
+        // Linearly accessed image. For a compute shader. Access is given, but must not be DontCare.
+        static ImageUsage compute(Access acc) { return { Type::LinearAccess, acc, Location::ComputeShader }; };
+
+        explicit ImageUsage() : ImageUsage(Type::DontCare, Access::DontCare, Location::DontCare) {}
+
+        bool operator==(const ImageUsage& other) const {
+            return type == other.type && access == other.access && location == other.location;
+        }
+
+        VkImageUsageFlagBits getUsageFlags() const {
+            switch (type) {
+                case Type::DontCare: throw std::runtime_error("No usage for type DontCare");
+                case Type::RenderTarget:
+                case Type::Multisample:
+                case Type::Presentation:
+                    return VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+                case Type::DepthStencil:
+                    return VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+                case Type::LinearAccess:
+                    return VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
+                case Type::Sampled:
+                    return VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
+                case Type::Transfer:
+                    switch (access) {
+                        case Access::DontCare: throw std::runtime_error("No access type specified for transfer usage.");
+                        case Access::ReadOnly: return VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+                        case Access::WriteOnly: return VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+                        case Access::ReadWrite: throw std::runtime_error("ReadWrite access type for Transfer usage is invalid.");
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static VkImageUsageFlags getFlagsForUsage(const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages) {
+            auto flags = 0;
+            for (const auto& usage : usages) {
+                if (usage.type != Type::DontCare)
+                    flags |= usage.getUsageFlags();
+            }
+
+            return static_cast<VkImageUsageFlags>(flags);
+        }
+
+        VkImageLayout getLayout() const {
+            switch (type) {
+                case Type::DontCare: return VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+                case Type::RenderTarget:
+                case Type::Multisample:
+                    return VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+                case Type::DepthStencil: return VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+                case Type::Presentation: return VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
+                case Type::LinearAccess: return VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
+                case Type::Sampled: return VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+                case Type::Transfer: return access == Access::ReadOnly ? VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL : VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
+                case Type::InputAttachment:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        VkPipelineStageFlags getStage() const {
+            switch (type) {
+                case Type::DontCare: return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
+                case Type::RenderTarget:
+                case Type::Multisample:
+                case Type::Presentation:
+                    return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+                case Type::DepthStencil:
+                    return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
+                case Type::LinearAccess:
+                case Type::Sampled:
+                    switch (location) {
+                        case Location::Host: return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT;
+                        case Location::FragmentShader: return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
+                        case Location::ComputeShader: return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT;
+
+                        case Location::VertexShader:
+                        case Location::Other:
+                            throw std::runtime_error("Linear or sampled attachments must not be used in VertexAll or Other stages.");
+                        case Location::DontCare: throw std::runtime_error("Linear or sampled attachments must have an access.");
+                    }
+
+                case Type::Transfer:
+                    return VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Access getAccess() const { return access; }
+
+        Type getType() const { return type; }
+
+        VkAccessFlags getAccessFlags() const {
+            switch (type) {
+                case Type::DontCare: return VK_ACCESS_NONE_KHR;
+                case Type::RenderTarget: return getReadOrWrite(VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT);
+                case Type::DepthStencil: return getReadOrWrite(VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT);
+                case Type::Multisample: return VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
+                case Type::Presentation: return 0;
+                case Type::LinearAccess:
+                case Type::Sampled:
+                    return location == Location::Host ? getReadOrWrite(VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT) : getReadOrWrite(VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT);
+                case Type::Transfer:
+                    return getReadOrWrite(VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT);
+                case Type::InputAttachment:
+                    return 0;
+            }
+        };
+
+    private:
+
+        ImageUsage(Type t, Access a, Location l, std::optional<int> att = std::nullopt)
+            : type(t), access(a), location(l), attachment(att) {}
+
+        Type type;
+        Access access;
+        Location location;
+        std::optional<int> attachment;
+
+        inline VkAccessFlags getReadOrWrite(VkAccessFlags read, VkAccessFlags write) const {
+            VkAccessFlags flag = 0;
+            if (access == Access::ReadOnly || access == Access::ReadWrite)
+                flag |= read;
+            if (access == Access::WriteOnly || access == Access::ReadWrite)
+                flag |= write;
+            return flag;
+        };
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Describes how a single image will be used in each stage of a render pass.
+     * Allows a single image to be written to during one pass, read in a second, and presented in the final, and tracked.
+     * Helps figure out the optimizations that Vulkan can do to this image and the render passes that use it.
+     */
+    class UsageTracker {
+    public:
+
+        explicit UsageTracker(const ImageUsage& initial) : initialUsage(initial) {}
+        explicit UsageTracker() = default;
+
+        UsageTracker(UsageTracker&&) noexcept = default;
+        UsageTracker& operator=(UsageTracker&&) noexcept = default;
+
+        // Fluent API; chain calls in a builder pattern.
+        #define fluent UsageTracker&
+
+        fluent add(int pass, const ImageUsage& usage) {
+            usageAtSubpass.insert( { pass, usage} );
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        fluent add(int start, int end, const ImageUsage& usage) {
+            for (int subpass = start; subpass <= end; ++subpass)
+                add(subpass, usage);
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        fluent addMultisample(int pass, std::string_view name) {
+            multisamples.insert( { pass, std::string(name) } );
+            return add(pass, ImageUsage::multisample());
+        }
+
+        fluent setFinal(const ImageUsage& usage) {
+            finalUsage = usage;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] std::vector<ImageUsage> getUsages() const {
+            size_t count = usageAtSubpass.size() + (finalUsage.has_value() ? 1 : 0) + 1;
+
+            std::vector<ImageUsage> usages;
+            usages.reserve(count);
+            usages.emplace_back(initialUsage);
+
+            for(const auto& pair : usageAtSubpass)
+                usages.emplace_back(pair.second);
+
+            if (finalUsage.has_value())
+                usages.emplace_back(finalUsage.value());
+
+            return usages;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] const std::map<int, ImageUsage>& getUsageMap() const {
+            return usageAtSubpass;
+        }
+
+        ImageUsage& getInitialUsage() { return initialUsage; }
+        std::optional<ImageUsage> getFinalUsage() { return finalUsage; }
+
+
+
+    private:
+
+        std::map<int, ImageUsage> usageAtSubpass;
+        ImageUsage initialUsage;
+        std::optional<ImageUsage> finalUsage;
+        std::map<int, std::string> multisamples;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * A simple wrapper that allows tracking the current usage of multiple images.
+     */
+    class MultiImageTracker {
+    public:
+        MultiImageTracker() = default;
+
+        MultiImageTracker(const MultiImageTracker&) = delete;
+        MultiImageTracker& operator=(const MultiImageTracker&) = delete;
+
+        // Fluent API; chain calls in a builder pattern
+        #undef fluent
+        #define fluent MultiImageTracker&
+
+        fluent track(std::string&& name, const ImageUsage& usage) {
+            images.insert( { std::move(name), usage } );
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        fluent track(const std::string& name, const ImageUsage& usage) {
+            return track(std::string(name), usage);
+        }
+
+        fluent update(const std::string& name, const ImageUsage& usage) {
+            auto iter = images.find(name);
+            iter->second = usage;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] bool isTracking(const std::string& image) const {
+            return images.contains(image);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] const ImageUsage& get(const std::string& image) const {
+            return images.at(image);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::map<std::string, ImageUsage> images;
+
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Queue.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace vlkx {
+    struct Queue {
+        VkQueue queue;
+        int queueIndex;
+    };
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/inc/vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h

@@ -5489,7 +5489,6 @@ public:
     // Posts next part of an open string.
     void ContinueString(const char* pStr);
     // Posts next part of an open string. The number is converted to decimal characters.
-    void ContinueString(uint32_t n);
     void ContinueString(uint64_t n);
     // Posts next part of an open string. Pointer value is converted to characters
     // using "%p" formatting - shown as hexadecimal number, e.g.: 000000081276Ad00
@@ -5498,7 +5497,6 @@ public:
     void EndString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);
 
     // Writes a number value.
-    void WriteNumber(uint32_t n);
     void WriteNumber(uint64_t n);
     // Writes a boolean value - false or true.
     void WriteBool(bool b);
@@ -5654,12 +5652,6 @@ void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(const char* pStr)
     }
 }
 
-void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint32_t n)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
-    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
-}
-
 void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint64_t n)
 {
     VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);
@@ -5683,13 +5675,6 @@ void VmaJsonWriter::EndString(const char* pStr)
     m_InsideString = false;
 }
 
-void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint32_t n)
-{
-    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);
-    BeginValue(false);
-    m_SB.AddNumber(n);
-}
-
 void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint64_t n)
 {
     VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/Camera.cpp

@@ -1,20 +1,129 @@
 #include <vlkx/render/Camera.h>
 
-void Camera::init(float fov, float width, float height, float near, float far) {
+using namespace vlkx;
 
-	// Initialise members
+Camera& Camera::move(const glm::vec3 &delta) {
-	position = glm::vec3(0, 0, 4);
+    position += delta;
-	
+    return *this;
-	glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0, 0, 0);
-	glm::vec3 cameraUp = glm::vec3(0, 1, 0);
-
-	viewMatrix = glm::mat4(1);
-	projectionMatrix = glm::mat4(1);
-
-	projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(fov, width / height, near, far);
-	viewMatrix = glm::lookAt(position, cameraFront, cameraUp);
 }
 
-void Camera::setPosition(glm::vec3 newPosition) {
+Camera &Camera::setPos(const glm::vec3 &pos) {
-	position = newPosition;
+    position = pos;
-}
+    return *this;
+}
+
+Camera &Camera::up(const glm::vec3 &up) {
+    upVector = glm::normalize(up);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+Camera &Camera::forward(const glm::vec3 &forward) {
+    frontVector = glm::normalize(forward);
+    rightVector = glm::normalize(glm::cross(frontVector, upVector));
+    return *this;
+}
+
+glm::mat4 Camera::getViewMatrix() const {
+    return glm::lookAt(position, position + frontVector, upVector);
+}
+
+PerspectiveCamera &PerspectiveCamera::fieldOfView(float newFov) {
+    fov = newFov;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+PerspectiveCamera::RT PerspectiveCamera::getRT() const {
+    const glm::vec3 upVec = glm::normalize(glm::cross(getRight(), getForward()));
+    const float fovTan = glm::tan(glm::radians(fov));
+    return { upVec * fovTan, getForward(), getRight() * fovTan * aspectRatio };
+}
+
+glm::mat4 PerspectiveCamera::getProjMatrix() const {
+    glm::mat4 proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), aspectRatio, nearPlane, farPlane);
+    proj[1][1] = -proj[1][1];
+    return proj;
+}
+
+OrthographicCamera &OrthographicCamera::setWidth(float vWidth) {
+    width = vWidth;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+glm::mat4 OrthographicCamera::getProjMatrix() const {
+    const float height = width / aspectRatio;
+    const auto halfSize = glm::vec2 { width, height } / 2.0f;
+    return glm::ortho(-halfSize.x, halfSize.x, -halfSize.y, halfSize.y, nearPlane, farPlane);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void UserCamera<Type>::setInternal(std::function<void(Type *)> op) {
+    op(camera.get());
+    reset();
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void UserCamera<Type>::move(double x, double y) {
+    if (!isActive) return;
+
+    const auto offsetX = static_cast<float>(x * config.turnSpeed);
+    const auto offsetY = static_cast<float>(y * config.turnSpeed);
+
+    pitch = glm::clamp(pitch - offsetY, glm::radians(-89.9f), glm::radians(89.9f));
+    yaw = glm::mod(yaw - offsetX, glm::radians(360.0f));
+    camera->forward( { glm::cos(pitch) * glm::cos(yaw), glm::sin(pitch), glm::cos(pitch) * glm::sin(yaw) });
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+bool UserCamera<Type>::scroll(double delta, double min, double max) {
+    if (!isActive) return false;
+
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, PerspectiveCamera>) {
+        auto newFov = (float) glm::clamp(camera->getFieldOfView() + delta, min, max);
+        if (newFov != camera->getFieldOfView()) {
+            camera->fieldOfView(newFov);
+            return true;
+        }
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, OrthographicCamera>) {
+        const auto newWidth = (float) glm::clamp(camera->getWidth() + delta, min, max);
+        if (newWidth != camera->getWidth()) {
+            camera->setWidth(newWidth);
+            return true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert("Unhandled Camera Type");
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void UserCamera<Type>::press(Camera::Input key, float time) {
+    using Key = Camera::Input;
+    if (!isActive) return;
+
+    if (!config.center.has_value()) {
+        const float distance = time * config.moveSpeed;
+        switch (key) {
+            case Key::Up:
+                camera->move(+camera->getForward() * distance); break;
+            case Key::Down:
+                camera->move(-camera->getForward() * distance); break;
+            case Key::Left:
+                camera->move(-camera->getRight() * distance); break;
+            case Key::Right:
+                camera->move(+camera->getRight() * distance); break;
+        }
+    } else {
+        reset();
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void UserCamera<Type>::reset() {
+    refForward = camera->getForward();
+    refLeft = -camera->getRight();
+    pitch = yaw = 0;
+}
+
+template class vlkx::UserCamera<PerspectiveCamera>;
+template class vlkx::UserCamera<OrthographicCamera>;

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/Geometry.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
 using namespace Geo;
 
-void Mesh::setTriData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+void Mesh::setTriData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
-	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices = {
+	std::vector<VertexAll> Vertices = {
-		{ { 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },
+		{ { 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
-		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },
 	};
 
 	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices = {
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ void Mesh::setTriData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indi
 	indices = Indices;
 }
 
-void Mesh::setQuadData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+void Mesh::setQuadData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
 
-	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices = {
+	std::vector<VertexAll> Vertices = {
-		{ { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },
+		{ { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },
-		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },
-		{ { 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } }
+		{ { 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } }
 	};
 
 	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices = {
@@ -37,38 +37,38 @@ void Mesh::setQuadData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& ind
 	indices = Indices;
 }
 
-void Mesh::setCubeData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+void Mesh::setCubeData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
-	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices = {
+	std::vector<VertexAll> Vertices = {
 		// Front
-		{ { -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },	// 0
+		{ { -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },	// 0
-		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 1
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 1
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 2
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 2
-		{ { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 3
+		{ { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 3
 		// Back 
-		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 4
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 4
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 5
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 5
-		{ { -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 6
+		{ { -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 6
-		{ { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 7
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 7
 		// Left
-		{ { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 8
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 8
-		{ { -1.0f, 1.0, -1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 9
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0, -1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 9
-		{ { -1.0, 1.0, 1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 10
+		{ { -1.0, 1.0, 1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 10
-		{ { -1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 11
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 11
 		// Right
-		{ { 1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 12
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 12
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 13
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 13
-		{ { 1.0, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 14
+		{ { 1.0, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 14
-		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 15
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 15
 		// Top
-		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 16
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 16
-		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },	// 17
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },	// 17
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 18
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 18
-		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 19
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 19
 		// Bottom 
-		{ { -1.0f, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },	// 20
+		{ { -1.0f, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },	// 20
-		{ { -1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 21
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 21
-		{ { 1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 22
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 22
-		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 23
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 23
 	};
 
 	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices = {
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ void Mesh::setCubeData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& ind
 }
 
 
-void Mesh::setSphereData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+void Mesh::setSphereData(std::vector<VertexAll>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
-	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices;
+	std::vector<VertexAll> Vertices;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices;
 
 	float latitudeBands = 20.0f;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void Mesh::setSphereData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& i
 			float sinPhi = sin(phi);
 			float cosPhi = cos(phi);
 
-			Vertex vs;
+			VertexAll vs;
 
 			vs.texture.x = (longNumber / longitudeBands); // u
 			vs.texture.y = (latNumber / latitudeBands);   // v

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.cpp

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-
-RenderPass::RenderPass() {}
-RenderPass::~RenderPass() {}
-
-
-void RenderPass::createVertexRenderPass(VkFormat format) {
-	// Set up color metadata
-	VkAttachmentDescription color = {};
-	color.format = format;
-	color.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-	color.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
-	color.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
-	color.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
-	color.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
-	color.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-	color.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
-
-	// Set up subattachments
-	VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
-	colorReference.attachment = 0;
-	colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
-
-	VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
-	subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
-	subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
-	subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
-
-	// Prepare the Render Pass for creation
-    VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
-    dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
-    dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
-    dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
-    dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
-    dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
-    dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
-
-	std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 1> attachments = { color };
-	VkRenderPassCreateInfo createInfo = {};
-	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
-	createInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
-	createInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
-	createInfo.subpassCount = 1;
-    createInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
-    createInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;
-	createInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
-
-	// Create the Render Pass
-	if (vkCreateRenderPass(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pass))
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Render Pass 1");
-}
-
-void RenderPass::beginRenderPass(std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues, VkCommandBuffer commands, VkFramebuffer framebuffer, VkExtent2D extent) {
-	// Prepare the Render Pass for start
-	VkRenderPassBeginInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
-	info.renderPass = pass;
-	info.framebuffer = framebuffer;
-
-	info.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
-	info.renderArea.extent = extent;
-
-	info.pClearValues = clearValues.data();
-	info.clearValueCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(clearValues.size());
-
-	// Attempt to begin the pass
-	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commands, &info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
-}
-
-void RenderPass::endRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commands) {
-	vkCmdEndRenderPass(commands);
-}
-
-
-void RenderPass::destroy() {
-	vkDestroyRenderPass(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pass, nullptr);
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.cpp

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-
-#include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
-
-void SingleRenderer::createSingleRenderer(Geo::MeshType type, glm::vec3 posIn, glm::vec3 scaleIn) {
-
-	// Collect metadata about the swap chain
-	uint32_t imageCount = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->images.size();
-	VkExtent2D imageExtent = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->extent;
-
-	// Create the buffers
-	buffers.createBuffers(type);
-
-	// Create the descriptor layout
-	descriptor.createAndAllocateSimple(imageCount);
-	descriptor.populate(imageCount, buffers.uniformBuffer.buffer, sizeof(Geo::UniformBufferObject));
-
-	// Create the pipeline
-	pipeline.create(imageExtent, descriptor.layout, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getRenderPass()->pass);
-
-	// Set locals
-	position = posIn;
-	scale = scaleIn;
-	rotation = glm::mat4_cast(glm::quat(0, 0, 0, 0));
-}
-
-void SingleRenderer::updateUniforms(Camera camera) {
-	
-	// Prepare data to go into the buffers
-	Geo::UniformBufferObject ubo = {};
-	
-	glm::mat4 scaleMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
-	glm::mat4 rotationMatrix = getRotation();
-	glm::mat4 translationMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
-
-	scaleMatrix = glm::scale(scaleMatrix, scale);
-	translationMatrix = glm::translate(translationMatrix, position);
-
-	ubo.model = translationMatrix * rotationMatrix * scaleMatrix;
-	ubo.view = camera.getViewMatrix();
-	ubo.proj = camera.getProjectionMatrix();
-
-	ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;
-
-	// Copy the buffers into the GPU
-	void* data;
-	vmaMapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), buffers.uniformBuffer.allocation, &data);
-	memcpy(data, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
-	vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), buffers.uniformBuffer.allocation);
-}
-
-void SingleRenderer::draw() {
-	// Fetch the buffer we're going to insert commands to
-	VkCommandBuffer commands = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getCurrentCommandBuffer();
-
-	// Bind our pipeline
-	vkCmdBindPipeline(commands, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline.pipeline);
-
-	// Bind the vertex buffer
-	VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = {
-		buffers.vertexBuffer.buffer
-	};
-
-	VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {
-		0
-	};
-
-	vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commands, 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);
-
-	// Bind the index buffer
-	vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commands, buffers.indexBuffer.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
-
-	// Bind the uniform buffer
-	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commands, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline.layout, 0, 1, &descriptor.set, 0, nullptr);
-
-	// Draw the buffered geometry
-	vkCmdDrawIndexed(commands, static_cast<uint32_t>(buffers.indices.size()), 1, 0, 0, 0);
-}
-
-void SingleRenderer::destroy() {
-	pipeline.destroy();
-	descriptor.destroy();
-	buffers.destroy();
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/pipeline/Pipeline.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+#include "vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
+#include "shadow/util/File.h"
+#include <numeric>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    struct ShaderStage {
+        VkShaderStageFlagBits stage;
+        ShaderModule::CountedShader module;
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo createViewport(const GraphicsPipelineBuilder::Viewport& port) {
+        return {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0, 1, &port.viewport, 1, &port.scissor
+        };
+    }
+
+    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo createBlend(const std::vector<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState>& states) {
+        return {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0, VK_FALSE, VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR, static_cast<uint32_t>(states.size()), states.data(),
+            { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+        };
+    }
+
+    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo createVertexInput(const std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription>& bindingDescs,
+                                                           const std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>& attrDescs) {
+        return {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0,
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(bindingDescs.size()), bindingDescs.data(),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(attrDescs.size()), attrDescs.data()
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ShaderStage> createShader(const std::map<VkShaderStageFlagBits, std::string>& shaderMap) {
+        std::vector<ShaderStage> stages;
+        stages.reserve(shaderMap.size());
+        for (const auto& pair : shaderMap) {
+            stages.push_back({ pair.first, ShaderModule::CountedShader::get(pair.second, pair.second) });
+        }
+
+        return stages;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> createShaderStage(const std::vector<ShaderStage>& stages) {
+        static constexpr char entryPoint[] = "main";
+        std::vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> infos;
+        infos.reserve(stages.size());
+        for (const auto& stage : stages) {
+            infos.push_back({
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0, stage.stage, **stage.module, entryPoint, nullptr
+            });
+        }
+
+        return infos;
+    }
+
+    ShaderModule::ShaderModule(const std::string &path) {
+        const shadowutil::FileData* file = shadowutil::loadFile(path);
+        const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo module {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0, file->size, reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(file->data.data())
+        };
+
+        if (vkCreateShaderModule(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &module, nullptr, &shader) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create shader module");
+    }
+
+    PipelineBuilder::PipelineBuilder(std::optional<int> maxCache) {
+        const VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo info {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0, static_cast<size_t>(maxCache.value_or(0)), nullptr
+        };
+
+        if (vkCreatePipelineCache(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &cache) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create pipeline cache");
+    }
+
+    void PipelineBuilder::setLayout(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout>&& descs,
+                                    std::vector<VkPushConstantRange>&& pushConstants) {
+        std::vector<int> pushSizes (pushConstants.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < pushConstants.size(); i++)
+            pushSizes[i] = pushConstants[i].size;
+
+        const auto totalSize = std::accumulate(pushSizes.begin(), pushSizes.end(), 0);
+        if (totalSize > 128)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Trying to set push constants of total size " + std::to_string(totalSize) + " into pipeline " + name);
+
+        descLayouts = std::move(descs);
+        constants = std::move(pushConstants);
+        layoutInfo.emplace(VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0, static_cast<uint32_t>(descLayouts.size()), descLayouts.data(),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(constants.size()), constants.data()
+        });
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder::GraphicsPipelineBuilder(std::optional<int> maxCache) : PipelineBuilder(maxCache) {
+        assemblyInfo = {
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0, VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST, VK_FALSE
+        };
+
+        rasterizationInfo = {
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0, VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL, VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT, VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
+                VK_FALSE, 0, 0, 0, 1
+        };
+
+        multisampleInfo = {
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, VK_FALSE, 0, nullptr, VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE
+        };
+
+        depthStencilInfo = {
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0, VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE,
+                VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL, VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE,
+                {}, {}, 0, 1
+        };
+
+        dynamicStateInfo = {
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0, 0, nullptr
+        };
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::name(std::string &&name) {
+        setName(std::move(name));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::depthTest(bool enable, bool write) {
+        depthStencilInfo.depthTestEnable = enable;
+        depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = write;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::stencilTest(bool enable) {
+        depthStencilInfo.stencilTestEnable = enable;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::multiSample(VkSampleCountFlagBits samples) {
+        multisampleInfo.rasterizationSamples = samples;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::topology(VkPrimitiveTopology topology) {
+        assemblyInfo.topology = topology;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::stencilOp(const VkStencilOpState &state,
+                                                                VkStencilFaceFlags flags) {
+        if (flags & VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT)
+            depthStencilInfo.front = state;
+        if (flags & VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT)
+            depthStencilInfo.back = state;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::addVertex(uint32_t bindPoint,
+                                                                VkVertexInputBindingDescription &&desc,
+                                                                std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> &&attrs) {
+        desc.binding = bindPoint;
+        for (auto& attr : attrs)
+            attr.binding = bindPoint;
+        bindingDescs.push_back(desc);
+
+        attrDescs.reserve(attrDescs.size() + attrs.size());
+        std::move(attrs.begin(), attrs.end(), std::back_inserter(attrDescs));
+        attrs.clear();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::layout(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> &&descLayouts,
+                                                             std::vector<VkPushConstantRange> &&constants) {
+        setLayout(std::move(descLayouts), std::move(constants));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::viewport(const vlkx::GraphicsPipelineBuilder::Viewport &port,
+                                                               bool flipY) {
+        viewportMeta.emplace(port);
+
+        if (flipY) {
+            VkViewport& view = viewportMeta.value().viewport;
+            view.y += view.height;
+            view.height *= -1;
+        }
+
+        rasterizationInfo.frontFace = flipY ? VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE : VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::renderPass(const VkRenderPass &pass, uint32_t subpass) {
+        passMeta.emplace(PassInfo { pass, subpass });
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::colorBlend(
+            std::vector<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState> &&states) {
+        blendStates = std::move(states);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPipelineBuilder& GraphicsPipelineBuilder::shader(VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, std::string &&file) {
+        shaders[stage] = std::move(file);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> GraphicsPipelineBuilder::build() const {
+        if (!hasLayout())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no layout set");
+        if (!viewportMeta.has_value())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no viewport set");
+        if (!passMeta.has_value())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no render pass set");
+        if (blendStates.empty())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no color blend states.");
+        if (shaders.empty())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no shaders bound");
+
+        const auto viewportState = createViewport(viewportMeta.value());
+        const auto blendState = createBlend(blendStates);
+        const auto vertexState = createVertexInput(bindingDescs, attrDescs);
+
+        const auto shaderStages = createShader(shaders);
+        const auto shaderStageInfo = createShaderStage(shaderStages);
+        VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &getLayout(), nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create layout for pipeline " + getName());
+
+        const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo createInfo {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO, nullptr, 0,
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStageInfo.size()), shaderStageInfo.data(),
+            &vertexState, &assemblyInfo, nullptr, &viewportState,
+            &rasterizationInfo, &multisampleInfo, &depthStencilInfo, &blendState, &dynamicStateInfo,
+            pipelineLayout, passMeta->pass, passMeta->subpass, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 0
+        };
+
+        VkPipeline pipeline;
+        if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &createInfo, nullptr, &pipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create pipeline " + getName());
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> {
+            new Pipeline(getName(), pipeline, pipelineLayout, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS)
+        };
+    }
+
+    ComputePipelineBuilder& ComputePipelineBuilder::name(std::string &&name) {
+        setName(std::move(name));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ComputePipelineBuilder& ComputePipelineBuilder::layout(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> &&descLayouts,
+                                                              std::vector<VkPushConstantRange> &&pushConstants) {
+        setLayout(std::move(descLayouts), std::move(pushConstants));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ComputePipelineBuilder& ComputePipelineBuilder::shader(std::string &&path) {
+        shaderPath.emplace(std::move(path));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> ComputePipelineBuilder::build() const {
+        if (!hasLayout())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no layout set");
+        if (!shaderPath.has_value())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Pipeline " + getName() + " has no shader set");
+
+        const auto shaderStages = createShader({{VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, shaderPath.value()}});
+        const auto shaderStageInfo = createShaderStage(shaderStages);
+        if (shaderStageInfo.size() != 1)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Compute pipeline " + getName() + " must have exactly one shader bound");
+
+        VkPipelineLayout layout;
+        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &getLayout(), nullptr,
+                                   &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create layout for compute pipeline " + getName());
+
+        const VkComputePipelineCreateInfo createInfo{
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+                nullptr, 0,
+                shaderStageInfo[0], layout, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 0
+        };
+
+        VkPipeline pipeline;
+        if (vkCreateComputePipelines(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &createInfo,
+                                     nullptr, &pipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create compute pipeline " + getName());
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<Pipeline>{
+                new Pipeline{getName(), pipeline, layout, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE}
+        };
+    }
+
+    void Pipeline::bind(const VkCommandBuffer &buffer) const {
+        vkCmdBindPipeline(buffer, bindPoint, pipeline);
+    }
+
+    Pipeline::~Pipeline() {
+        vkDestroyPipeline(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pipeline, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, layout, nullptr);
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/render_pass/GPUPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/GPUPass.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    inline bool needsSynchronization(const ImageUsage& prev, const ImageUsage& curr) {
+        if (curr == prev && curr.getAccess() == ImageUsage::Access::ReadOnly)
+            return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void addUsageToSubpass(const ImageUsage& usage, RenderPassBuilder::SubpassDependency::SubpassMeta* pass) {
+        pass->stage |= usage.getStage();
+        pass->access |= usage.getAccessFlags();
+    }
+
+    void CommonPass::addUsage(std::string &&name, UsageTracker &&tracker) {
+        for (const auto& pair : tracker.getUsageMap())
+            validate(pair.first, name, false);
+
+        tracker.add(getVirtualInitial(), tracker.getInitialUsage());
+        if (tracker.getFinalUsage().has_value())
+            tracker.add(getVirtualFinal(), tracker.getFinalUsage().value());
+
+        usageHistory.emplace(std::move(name), std::move(tracker));
+    }
+
+    VkImageLayout CommonPass::getInitialLayout(const std::string &name) const {
+        return getHistory(name).getUsageMap().begin()->second.getLayout();
+    }
+
+    VkImageLayout CommonPass::getFinalLayout(const std::string &name) const {
+        return getHistory(name).getUsageMap().rbegin()->second.getLayout();
+    }
+
+    VkImageLayout CommonPass::getSubpassLayout(const std::string &name, int subpass) const {
+        validate(subpass, name, false);
+        return getUsage(name, subpass)->getLayout();
+    }
+
+    void CommonPass::update(const std::string &name, MultiImageTracker &tracker) const {
+        tracker.update(name, getHistory(name).getUsageMap().rbegin()->second);
+    }
+
+    const UsageTracker& CommonPass::getHistory(const std::string &name) const {
+        return usageHistory.at(name);
+    }
+
+    const ImageUsage* CommonPass::getUsage(const std::string &name, int pass) const {
+        validate(pass, name, true);
+        const UsageTracker& history = getHistory(name);
+        const auto iter = history.getUsageMap().find(pass);
+        return iter != history.getUsageMap().end() ? &iter->second : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<CommonPass::Usages> CommonPass::checkForSync(const std::string &name, int pass) const {
+        validate(pass, name, true);
+        const UsageTracker& history = getHistory(name);
+        const auto currIter = history.getUsageMap().find(pass);
+        if (currIter == history.getUsageMap().end())
+            return std::nullopt;
+        const auto prevIter = std::prev(currIter);
+
+        const ImageUsage& prevUsage = prevIter->second;
+        const ImageUsage& currUsage = currIter->second;
+
+        if (!needsSynchronization(prevUsage, currUsage))
+            return std::nullopt;
+
+        const int prevSubpass = prevIter->first;
+        return CommonPass::Usages { prevSubpass, &prevUsage, &currUsage };
+    }
+
+    void CommonPass::validate(int pass, const std::string &image, bool includeVirtual) const {
+        if (includeVirtual) {
+            if (!(pass >= getVirtualInitial() && pass <= getVirtualFinal()))
+                throw std::runtime_error("Subpass out of range.");
+        } else {
+            if (!(pass >= 0 && pass < numPasses))
+                throw std::runtime_error("nv Subpass out of range.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    int GraphicsPass::add(const std::string &name, UsageTracker &&history, std::function<int(int)> &&getter,
+                           const std::optional<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType> ops) {
+        verifyHistory(name, history);
+
+        const std::optional<int> needsGetter = getFirstRenderTarget(history);
+        if (needsGetter.has_value()) {
+            if (getter == nullptr)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Image " + name + " is used as a render target without a location getter.");
+        } else {
+            getter = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        const int attachmentLocation = static_cast<int>(metas.size());
+        metas.insert(
+                {
+                    name,
+                    AttachmentMeta {
+                            attachmentLocation,
+                        std::move(getter),
+                        getOps(name, history, ops),
+                        {}
+                    },
+                }
+        );
+
+        addUsage(std::string(name), std::move(history));
+        return attachmentLocation;
+    }
+
+    GraphicsPass& GraphicsPass::addMultisample(const std::string &source, const std::string &dest, int pass) {
+        validate(pass, source, false);
+
+        const auto source_iter = usageHistory.find(source);
+        if (source_iter == usageHistory.end())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Usage history not found for source image " + source);
+
+        const UsageTracker& source_history = source_iter->second;
+        if (!verifyImageUsage(source_history, pass, ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget))
+            throw std::runtime_error("Usage type for source image " + source + " must be render target.");
+
+        const auto dest_iter = usageHistory.find(dest);
+        if (dest_iter == usageHistory.end())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Usage history not found for destination image " + dest);
+
+        const UsageTracker& dest_history = dest_iter->second;
+        if (!verifyImageUsage(dest_history, pass, ImageUsage::Type::Multisample))
+            throw std::runtime_error("Usage type for destination image " + dest + " must be multisample");
+
+        auto& targetMap = metas[source].multisample;
+        const bool inserted = targetMap.insert( { pass, dest }).second;
+
+        if (!inserted)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Image " + source + " is already bound to a multisample.");
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void GraphicsPass::setAttachments() {
+        for (const auto& pair : usageHistory) {
+            const std::string& name = pair.first;
+            const AttachmentMeta& meta = metas[name];
+            builder->setAttachment(meta.index, { meta.ops, getInitialLayout(name), getFinalLayout(name) } );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void GraphicsPass::setSubpasses() {
+        for (int pass = 0; pass < numPasses; ++pass) {
+            std::vector<RenderPassBuilder::ColorAttachmentMeta> colors;
+            std::vector<RenderPassBuilder::ColorAttachmentMeta> multisamples;
+            VkAttachmentReference dsRef { VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED };
+
+            // Verify all images used, the long way around.
+            for (const auto& pair : usageHistory) {
+                const std::string& name = pair.first;
+                const ImageUsage* history = getUsage(name, pass);
+                if (history == nullptr)
+                    continue;
+
+                const AttachmentMeta& meta = metas[name];
+                const VkAttachmentReference ref { static_cast<uint32_t>(meta.index), history->getLayout() };
+
+                switch (history->getType()) {
+                    // If we're looking at a render target, we need to figure out where it gets its' details from.
+                    case ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget: {
+                        const int location = meta.getter(pass);
+                        const auto iter = meta.multisample.find(pass);
+                        if (iter != meta.multisample.end()) {
+                            const std::string& target = iter->second;
+                            const ImageUsage* targetUsage = getUsage(target, pass);
+                            if (targetUsage == nullptr)
+                                throw std::runtime_error("Expected target image to have a usage");
+                            multisamples.push_back( { location, metas[target].index, targetUsage->getLayout() });
+                        }
+
+                        colors.push_back( { location, static_cast<int>(ref.attachment), ref.layout });
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case ImageUsage::Type::DepthStencil:
+                        if (dsRef.attachment != VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED)
+                            throw std::runtime_error("Depth stencil used multiple times");
+                        dsRef = ref;
+                        break;
+
+                    case ImageUsage::Type::Multisample:
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        throw std::runtime_error("Unreachable?");
+                }
+            }
+
+            auto colorRefs = RenderPassBuilder::parseColorReferences(colors);
+            auto multisampleRefs = RenderPassBuilder::parseMutisampling(colorRefs.size(), multisamples);
+            builder->setSubpass(pass, std::move(colorRefs), std::move(multisampleRefs), dsRef);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void GraphicsPass::setDependencies() {
+        if (getVirtualFinal() != numPasses)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Virtual subpass mismatch");
+        for (int pass = 0; pass <= numPasses; ++pass) {
+            std::map<int, RenderPassBuilder::SubpassDependency> deps;
+
+            for (const auto& pair : usageHistory) {
+                const auto usage = checkForSync(pair.first, pass);
+                if (!usage.has_value()) continue;
+
+                const ImageUsage& prev = usage.value().lastUsage;
+                const ImageUsage& curr = usage.value().currentUsage;
+                const int sourcePass = usage.value().lastSubpass;
+
+                auto iter = deps.find(sourcePass);
+                if (iter == deps.end()) {
+                    const RenderPassBuilder::SubpassDependency defaultDep {
+                            { checkSubpass(sourcePass), VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE_KHR, VK_ACCESS_NONE_KHR },
+                            { checkSubpass(pass), VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE_KHR, VK_ACCESS_NONE_KHR },
+                            0
+                    };
+
+                    iter = deps.insert( { sourcePass, defaultDep } ).first;
+                }
+
+                addUsageToSubpass(prev, &iter->second.source);
+                addUsageToSubpass(curr, &iter->second.destination);
+            }
+
+            for (const auto& pair : deps) {
+                const RenderPassBuilder::SubpassDependency& dep = pair.second;
+                builder->addDependency(dep);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderPassBuilder> GraphicsPass::build(int framebuffers) {
+        builder = std::make_unique<RenderPassBuilder>();
+        builder->setFramebufferCount(framebuffers);
+
+        setAttachments();
+        setSubpasses();
+        setDependencies();
+        return std::move(builder);
+    }
+
+    std::optional<int> GraphicsPass::getFirstRenderTarget(const UsageTracker &history) const {
+        for (const auto& pair : history.getUsageMap()) {
+            const int pass = pair.first;
+            if (isVirtual(pass)) continue;
+
+            if (pair.second.getType() == ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget) return pass;
+        }
+
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType GraphicsPass::getOps(const std::string &name, const UsageTracker &history,
+                                                                 const std::optional<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType> &userOps) const {
+        const ImageUsage::Type type = getUsageType(name, history);
+
+        if (!userOps.has_value()) {
+            switch (type) {
+                case ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget: return getDefaultOps();
+                case ImageUsage::Type::DepthStencil: return getStencilOps();
+                default:
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Unreachable?");
+            }
+        }
+
+        const RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::OpsType& ops = userOps.value();
+        switch (type) {
+            case ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget:
+            case ImageUsage::Type::DepthStencil:
+                return ops;
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error("Unreachable?");
+        }
+    }
+
+    ImageUsage::Type GraphicsPass::getUsageType(const std::string &name, const UsageTracker &history) const {
+        ImageUsage::Type prev = ImageUsage::Type::DontCare;
+
+        for (const auto& pair : history.getUsageMap()) {
+            if (isVirtual(pair.first)) continue;
+
+            ImageUsage::Type type = pair.second.getType();
+            if (type == ImageUsage::Type::Multisample)
+                type = ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget;
+
+            if (prev == ImageUsage::Type::DontCare) {
+                prev = type;
+            } else if (type != prev) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Inconsistent usage type specified for " + name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (prev == ImageUsage::Type::DontCare)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Image " + name + " has no usages.");
+
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    bool GraphicsPass::verifyImageUsage(const UsageTracker &history, int subpass, ImageUsage::Type type) const {
+        const auto iter = history.getUsageMap().find(subpass);
+        return iter != history.getUsageMap().end() && iter->second.getType() == type;
+    }
+
+    void GraphicsPass::verifyHistory(const std::string &image, const UsageTracker &history) const {
+        for (const auto& pair : history.getUsageMap()) {
+            const ImageUsage::Type type = pair.second.getType();
+            if (type != ImageUsage::Type::RenderTarget && type != ImageUsage::Type::DepthStencil && type != ImageUsage::Type::Multisample)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Invalid usage of " + image + " at subpass " + std::to_string(pair.first));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ComputePass &ComputePass::add(std::string &&name, UsageTracker &&history) {
+        verify(name, history);
+        addUsage(std::move(name), std::move(history));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void ComputePass::execute(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, uint32_t queueFamily,
+                              const std::map<std::string, const VkImage*> &images,
+                              const std::vector<std::function<void()>>& computeOps) const {
+
+        if (computeOps.size() != numPasses)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Compute shader mismatches ops and passes.");
+
+        if (getVirtualFinal() != numPasses)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Compute shader attempting to run too many subpasses");
+
+        for (int pass = 0; pass < numPasses; ++pass) {
+            for (const auto& pair : usageHistory) {
+                const std::string& image = pair.first;
+                const auto usage = checkForSync(image, pass);
+                if (!usage.has_value()) continue;
+
+                const auto iter = images.find(image);
+                if (iter == images.end())
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Image " + image + " not provided");
+
+                barrier(commands, queueFamily, *iter->second, usage.value().lastUsage, usage.value().currentUsage);
+            }
+
+            if (pass < numPasses)
+                computeOps[pass]();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ComputePass::barrier(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, uint32_t queueFamily, const VkImage &image,
+                              const ImageUsage &prev, const ImageUsage &current) const {
+        const VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+            nullptr,
+            prev.getAccessFlags(),
+            current.getAccessFlags(),
+            prev.getLayout(),
+            current.getLayout(),
+            queueFamily,
+            queueFamily,
+            image,
+            {
+                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+                0,
+                1,
+                0,
+                1
+            }
+        };
+
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
+                commands,
+                prev.getStage(),
+                current.getStage(),
+                0,
+                0,
+                nullptr,
+                0,
+                nullptr,
+                1,
+                &barrier
+        );
+    }
+
+    void ComputePass::verify(const std::string &name, const UsageTracker &history) const {
+        for (const auto& pair : history.getUsageMap()) {
+            const ImageUsage::Type type = pair.second.getType();
+            if (type != ImageUsage::Type::LinearAccess && type != ImageUsage::Type::Sampled && type != ImageUsage::Type::Transfer)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Compute shader using an attachment that is not guranteed to be readable.");
+        }
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/render_pass/GenericRenderPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/GenericRenderPass.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the necessary Clear Value struct to erase the given attachment.
+     * @param attachment the attachment metadata
+     * @return the Clear Value that will erase the attachment's data
+     */
+    VkClearValue createClearFor(const RenderPassBuilder::Attachment& attachment) {
+
+        VkClearValue clear {};
+        if (std::holds_alternative<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::ColorOps>(attachment.ops))
+            clear.color = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
+        else {
+            clear.depthStencil = { 1.0, 0 };
+        }
+
+        return clear;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a RenderPassBuilder attachment to a VkAttachmentDescription.
+     * Format will be UNDEFINED.
+     * Sample count will be 1.
+     */
+    VkAttachmentDescription buildAttachment(const RenderPassBuilder::Attachment& attachment) {
+        VkAttachmentDescription descriptor {
+                {},
+                VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
+                VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+                attachment.layoutInitial,
+                attachment.layoutFinal
+        };
+
+        if (const auto& ops = std::get_if<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::ColorOps>(&attachment.ops); ops != nullptr) {
+            descriptor.loadOp = ops->LOAD;
+            descriptor.storeOp = ops->STORE;
+        } else if (const auto& ops = std::get_if<RenderPassBuilder::Attachment::StencilDepthOps>(&attachment.ops); ops != nullptr) {
+            descriptor.loadOp = ops->DEPTH_LOAD;
+            descriptor.storeOp = ops->DEPTH_STORE;
+            descriptor.stencilLoadOp = ops->STENCIL_LOAD;
+            descriptor.stencilStoreOp = ops->STENCIL_STORE;
+        }
+
+        return descriptor;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkSubpassDescription> buildSubpassDescriptors(const std::vector<RenderPassBuilder::SubpassAttachments>& attachments) {
+        std::vector<VkSubpassDescription> descriptors;
+        descriptors.reserve(attachments.size());
+
+        for (const auto& attachment : attachments) {
+            descriptors.emplace_back(VkSubpassDescription {
+                            {},
+                            VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+                            0,
+                            nullptr,
+                            static_cast<uint32_t>(attachment.colorReferences.size()),
+                            attachment.colorReferences.data(),
+                            attachment.multisampleReferences.empty() ? nullptr : attachment.multisampleReferences.data(),
+                            attachment.stencilDepthReference.has_value() ? &attachment.stencilDepthReference.value() : nullptr,
+                            0,
+                            nullptr
+                    }
+            );
+        }
+
+        return descriptors;
+    }
+
+    VkSubpassDependency buildSubpassDependency(const RenderPassBuilder::SubpassDependency& dep) {
+        return VkSubpassDependency {
+            dep.source.index,
+            dep.destination.index,
+            dep.source.stage,
+            dep.destination.stage,
+            dep.source.access,
+            dep.destination.access,
+            dep.flags
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int> countColorAttachments(const std::vector<RenderPassBuilder::SubpassAttachments>& attachments) {
+        std::vector<int> count;
+        count.reserve(attachments.size());
+
+        for (const auto& attachment : attachments)
+            count.emplace_back(attachment.colorReferences.size());
+
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkFramebuffer> createFramebuffers(const VkRenderPass& renderPass, const std::vector<std::function<const Image&(int idx)>> getters, int count, const VkExtent2D& extent) {
+        std::vector<VkImageView> views(getters.size());
+
+        VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferCreate {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            {},
+            renderPass,
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(views.size()),
+            views.data(),
+            extent.width,
+            extent.height,
+            1
+        };
+
+        std::vector<VkFramebuffer> framebuffers(count);
+        for (int i = 0; i < framebuffers.size(); ++i) {
+            for (int image = 0; image < getters.size(); image++)
+                views[image] = getters[image](i).getView();
+
+            vkCreateFramebuffer(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &framebufferCreate, nullptr, &framebuffers[i]);
+        }
+
+        return framebuffers;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> RenderPassBuilder::parseColorReferences(std::vector<ColorAttachmentMeta> meta) {
+        if (meta.empty())
+            return {};
+
+        // Search for the highest location index'd attachment reference.
+        // Shaders can define negative locations, so we have to start as low as we can go,
+        // and work our way up until we find the highest.
+        // If we start at 0, we risk missing an all-negative location set.
+        int max = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        for (const auto& attachment : meta)
+            max = std::max(max, attachment.location);
+
+        std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> references(max + 1, { VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED });
+        for (const auto& attachment : meta)
+            references[attachment.location] = { static_cast<uint32_t>(attachment.descriptionIdx), attachment.layout };
+
+        return references;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> RenderPassBuilder::parseMutisampling(int colorReferencesCount, std::vector<ColorAttachmentMeta> meta) {
+        std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> references(colorReferencesCount, { VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED });
+        for (const auto& attachment : meta)
+            references[attachment.location] = { static_cast<uint32_t>(attachment.descriptionIdx), attachment.layout };
+
+        return references;
+    }
+
+    fluent RenderPassBuilder::setFramebufferCount(int count) {
+        framebufferCount = count;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    fluent RenderPassBuilder::setAttachment(int idx, const Attachment &attachment) {
+        if (idx > clearValues.size())
+            clearValues.resize(idx + 1);
+        clearValues.at(idx) = createClearFor(attachment);
+
+        if (idx > attachmentDescriptors.size())
+            attachmentDescriptors.resize(idx + 1);
+        attachmentDescriptors.at(idx) = buildAttachment(attachment);
+
+        if (attachmentDescriptors.size() > attachmentGetters.size())
+            attachmentGetters.resize(attachmentDescriptors.size());
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    fluent RenderPassBuilder::updateAttachmentBacking(int idx,
+                                                      std::function<const Image &(int)> &&getBacking) {
+        const Image& img = getBacking(idx);
+        attachmentDescriptors[idx].format = img.getFormat();
+        attachmentDescriptors[idx].samples = img.getSamples();
+        attachmentGetters.at(idx) = std::move(getBacking);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    fluent RenderPassBuilder::setSubpass(int idx, std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> &&color,
+                                         std::vector<VkAttachmentReference> &&multisample,
+                                         VkAttachmentReference &depthStencil) {
+        if (multisample.empty())
+            if (multisample.size() != color.size())
+                throw std::runtime_error("Constructing a subpass with mismatched color and multisample attachments");
+
+        SubpassAttachments attachments {
+            std::move(color), std::move(multisample), depthStencil
+        };
+
+        subpassAttachments.emplace_back(attachments);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    fluent RenderPassBuilder::addDependency(const SubpassDependency &dep) {
+        subpassDependencies.emplace_back(buildSubpassDependency(dep));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderPass> RenderPassBuilder::build() const {
+        if (framebufferCount == 0)
+            throw std::runtime_error("No framebuffers in render pass");
+        for (int i = 0; i < attachmentGetters.size(); i++)
+            if (attachmentGetters[i] == nullptr)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Image " + std::to_string(i) + " is not set in render pass");
+
+        const auto descriptors = buildSubpassDescriptors(subpassAttachments);
+        const VkRenderPassCreateInfo createInfo {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            {},
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(attachmentDescriptors.size()),
+            attachmentDescriptors.data(),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(descriptors.size()),
+            descriptors.data(),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(subpassDependencies.size()),
+            subpassDependencies.data()
+        };
+
+        VkRenderPass pass;
+        if (vkCreateRenderPass(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pass) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create render pass");
+
+        const auto framebufferSize = attachmentGetters[0](0).getExtent();
+
+        return std::make_unique<RenderPass> (
+                static_cast<int>(descriptors.size()), pass, clearValues, framebufferSize, createFramebuffers(pass, attachmentGetters, framebufferCount.value(), framebufferSize),
+                countColorAttachments(subpassAttachments)
+        );
+    }
+
+    void RenderPass::execute(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, int imageIndex,
+                             std::vector<std::function<void(const VkCommandBuffer &)>> ops) const {
+        const VkRenderPassBeginInfo begin {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+            nullptr,
+            renderPass,
+            framebuffers[imageIndex],
+            {
+                    {0, 0},
+                    extent
+            },
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(clearValues.size()),
+            clearValues.data()
+        };
+
+        vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commands, &begin, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < ops.size(); i++) {
+            if (i != 0)
+                vkCmdNextSubpass(commands, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+            ops[i](commands);
+        }
+
+        vkCmdEndRenderPass(commands);
+    }
+
+    RenderPass::~RenderPass() {
+        for (const auto& fb : framebuffers)
+            vkDestroyFramebuffer(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, fb, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyRenderPass(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, renderPass, nullptr);
+    }
+
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/render_pass/ScreenRenderPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/ScreenRenderPass.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Image.h"
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/GPUPass.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    void checkSubpass(int pass, int high) { if (pass < 1 || pass > high) throw std::runtime_error("Subpass index too high"); }
+
+    void addAttachment(const AttachmentConfig& config, GraphicsPass& pass, MultiImageTracker& tracker, GraphicsPass::LocationGetter&& getter, const std::function<void(UsageTracker&)>& populateHistory) {
+        const std::string& name = config.name;
+        if (!tracker.isTracking(name))
+            throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to add image " + name + " that is not tracked");
+
+        UsageTracker history { tracker.get(name) };
+        populateHistory(history);
+
+        if (config.finalUsage.has_value())
+            history.setFinal(config.finalUsage.value());
+
+        config.index = pass.add(name, std::move(history), std::move(getter), config.loadStoreOps);
+        pass.update(name, tracker);
+    }
+
+    RendererConfig::RendererConfig(int passCount, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<vlkx::Image>>& destinations, bool toScreen, std::optional<int> firstTransparent, std::optional<int> firstOverlay) : renderImages(destinations) {
+        if (passCount < 1)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Creating a RendererConfig with less than 1 subpass.");
+
+        if (firstTransparent.has_value())
+            checkSubpass(firstTransparent.value(), passCount);
+        if (firstOverlay.has_value())
+            checkSubpass(firstOverlay.value(), passCount);
+
+        if (firstOverlay.has_value())
+            numOverlayPasses = passCount - firstOverlay.value();
+        if (firstTransparent.has_value()) {
+            numOpaquePasses = firstTransparent.value();
+            numTransparentPasses = passCount - numOpaquePasses - numOverlayPasses;
+        } else {
+            numOpaquePasses = passCount - numOverlayPasses;
+        }
+
+        rendersToScreen = toScreen;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderPassBuilder> SimpleRenderPass::createBuilder(int framebuffers,
+                                                                       const vlkx::RendererConfig &config,
+                                                                       const vlkx::AttachmentConfig &color,
+                                                                       const vlkx::AttachmentConfig *multisample,
+                                                                       const vlkx::AttachmentConfig *depthStencil,
+                                                                       vlkx::MultiImageTracker &tracker) {
+        const int passes = config.passes();
+        const int firstPass = 0;
+        const int lastPass = passes - 1;
+
+        const auto getLocation = [](int pass) { return 0; };
+        bool usesMultisample = multisample != nullptr;
+        bool usesDepth = depthStencil != nullptr;
+
+        const bool passesUsingDepth = config.depthPasses() > 0;
+
+        if (usesDepth) {
+            if (passesUsingDepth == 0)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Depth stencil defined, but never used.");
+        } else
+            if (passesUsingDepth > 0)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Depth stencil used, but never defined.");
+
+        GraphicsPass graphicsPass(passes);
+
+        addAttachment(color, graphicsPass, tracker, getLocation, [&](UsageTracker& history) {
+            if (usesMultisample)
+                history.add(lastPass, ImageUsage::multisample());
+            else
+                history.add(firstPass, lastPass, ImageUsage::renderTarget(0));
+        });
+
+        if (usesMultisample) {
+            addAttachment(*multisample, graphicsPass, tracker, getLocation, [&](UsageTracker& history) {
+                history.add(firstPass, lastPass, ImageUsage::renderTarget(0));
+            });
+            graphicsPass.addMultisample(multisample->name, color.name, lastPass);
+        }
+
+        if (usesDepth)
+            addAttachment(*depthStencil, graphicsPass, tracker, getLocation, [&](UsageTracker& history) {
+                if (config.numOpaquePasses > 0) {
+                    const int lastOpaque = config.numOpaquePasses - 1;
+                    history.add(firstPass, lastOpaque, ImageUsage::depthStencil(ImageUsage::Access::ReadWrite));
+                }
+
+                if (config.numTransparentPasses > 0) {
+                    const int firstTransparent = config.numOpaquePasses;
+                    const int lastTransparent = firstTransparent + config.numTransparentPasses - 1;
+                    history.add(firstTransparent, lastTransparent, ImageUsage::depthStencil(ImageUsage::Access::ReadOnly));
+                }
+            });
+
+        return graphicsPass.build(framebuffers);
+
+    }
+
+    void ScreenRenderPassManager::initializeRenderPass() {
+        if (config.usesDepth()) {
+            depthStencilImage = MultisampleImage::createDepthStencil(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->extent, std::nullopt);
+        }
+
+        if (passBuilder == nullptr)
+            preparePassBuilder();
+
+        passBuilder->updateAttachmentBacking(destinationInfo.index.value(), [this](int index) -> const Image& {
+            return *config.renderImages[index];
+        });
+
+        if (depthStencilImage != nullptr)
+            passBuilder->updateAttachmentBacking(depthStencilInfo.index.value(), [this](int index) -> const Image& {
+                return *depthStencilImage;
+            });
+
+        pass = passBuilder->build();
+    }
+
+    void ScreenRenderPassManager::preparePassBuilder() {
+        const bool usesDepth = depthStencilImage != nullptr;
+        const bool usesMultisampling = false;
+
+        MultiImageTracker tracker;
+        destinationInfo.add(tracker, *config.renderImages[0]);
+        if (usesDepth)
+            depthStencilInfo.add(tracker, *depthStencilImage);
+        if (usesMultisampling)
+            // TODO
+            (void) 0;
+
+        auto colorConfig = destinationInfo.makeConfig();
+        if (config.rendersToScreen)
+            colorConfig.setUsage(ImageUsage::presentation());
+        else
+            colorConfig.setUsage(ImageUsage::sampledFragment());
+        const auto multisampleConfig = multisampleInfo.makeConfig();
+        const auto depthConfig = depthStencilInfo.makeConfig();
+
+        passBuilder = SimpleRenderPass::createBuilder(config.renderImages.size(), config, colorConfig, usesMultisampling ? &multisampleConfig : nullptr, usesDepth ? &depthConfig : nullptr, tracker);
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/shader/Descriptor.cpp

@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/render/shader/Descriptor.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
-
-#include <array>
-
-Descriptor::Descriptor() {}
-Descriptor::~Descriptor() {}
-
-void Descriptor::createAndAllocateSimple(uint32_t images) {
-	createSimpleLayout();
-	createSimplePool(images);
-}
-
-void Descriptor::createSimpleLayout() {
-	// Set up a binding
-	VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding binding = {};
-	binding.binding = 0;
-	binding.descriptorCount = 1;
-	binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
-	binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
-
-	// Prepare to create the layout
-	std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 1> bindings = {
-		binding
-	};
-
-	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
-	info.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
-	info.pBindings = bindings.data();
-
-	// Create the layout
-	if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor layout");
-}
-
-void Descriptor::createSimplePool(uint32_t images) {
-	// Set the size of the pool we want
-	VkDescriptorPoolSize size = {};
-	size.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
-	size.descriptorCount = images;
-
-	std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 1> sizes = {
-		size
-	};
-
-	// Prepare to create the pool
-	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {};
-	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-	createInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizes.size());
-	createInfo.pPoolSizes = sizes.data();
-	createInfo.maxSets = images;
-
-	// Create the pool
-	if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor pool");
-
-	// Prepare to allocate the set
-	std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(images, layout);
-	VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {};
-	allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
-	allocateInfo.descriptorPool = pool;
-	allocateInfo.descriptorSetCount = images;
-	allocateInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
-
-	// Allocate the Set
-	if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &allocateInfo, &set) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate Descriptor set");
-}
-
-void Descriptor::populate(uint32_t images, VkBuffer uniforms, size_t bufferSize) {
-	// Iterate images
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < images; i++) {
-		// Set up the uniform buffer
-		VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer = {};
-		buffer.buffer = uniforms;
-		buffer.offset = 0;
-		buffer.range = bufferSize;
-
-		// Prepare to write the buffer into the Descriptor set
-		VkWriteDescriptorSet write = {};
-		write.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
-		write.pNext = nullptr;
-		write.dstSet = set;
-		write.dstBinding = 0;
-		write.dstArrayElement = 0;
-		write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
-		write.descriptorCount = 1;
-		write.pBufferInfo = &buffer;
-		write.pImageInfo = nullptr;
-		write.pTexelBufferView = nullptr;
-
-		std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 1> writes = {
-			write
-		};
-
-		// Write the buffer into the descriptor
-		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, static_cast<uint32_t>(writes.size()), writes.data(), 0, nullptr);
-	}
-}
-
-void Descriptor::destroy() {
-	vkDestroyDescriptorPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pool, nullptr);
-	vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, layout, nullptr);
-}
-
-VkDescriptorSetLayout createBindingWrapper(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings) {
-	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
-	info.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
-	info.pBindings = bindings.data();
-
-	VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
-
-	// Create the layout
-	if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor layout");
-
-	return layout;
-}
-VkDescriptorPool createPoolWrapper(std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> sizes, uint32_t images) {
-	// Prepare to create the pool
-	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {};
-	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-	createInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizes.size());
-	createInfo.pPoolSizes = sizes.data();
-	createInfo.maxSets = images;
-
-	VkDescriptorPool pool;
-
-	// Create the pool
-	if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor pool");
-
-	return pool;
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/shader/GeoBuffers.cpp

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/render/shader/GeoBuffers.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-
-GeoBuffers::GeoBuffers() {}
-GeoBuffers::~GeoBuffers() {}
-
-void GeoBuffers::createBuffers(Geo::MeshType type) {
-	// Set vertex and indice data
-	switch (type) {
-		case Geo::MeshType::Triangle:
-			Geo::Mesh::setTriData(vertices, indices);
-			break;
-		case Geo::MeshType::Quad:
-			Geo::Mesh::setQuadData(vertices, indices);
-			break;
-		case Geo::MeshType::Cube:
-			Geo::Mesh::setCubeData(vertices, indices);
-			break;
-		case Geo::MeshType::Sphere:
-			Geo::Mesh::setSphereData(vertices, indices);
-			break;
-	}
-
-	// Create buffers
-	createVertexBuffer();
-	createIndexBuffer();
-	createUniformBuffer();
-}
-
-void GeoBuffers::createVertexBuffer() {
-	// Gather the size of the buffer we need..
-	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(vertices[0]) * vertices.size();
-
-	// Create and bind a temporary buffer
-	VkTools::ManagedBuffer staging = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
-
-	// Get ready to write into our GPU buffer
-	void* data;
-	vmaMapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation, &data);
-
-	// Copy vertex data into the buffer
-	memcpy(data, vertices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
-
-	// Unmap the buffer from stack space
-	vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation);
-
-	// Prepare an area in the GPU that we cannot see, that the vertex data can live permanently.
-	vertexBuffer = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical, false);
-
-	// Copy our data from the staging buffer into the new permanent buffer
-	VkTools::copyGPUBuffer(staging.buffer, vertexBuffer.buffer, bufferSize, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->queueData.graphics);
-
-	// Cleanup the staging area.
-	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.buffer, staging.allocation);
-}
-
-void GeoBuffers::createIndexBuffer() {
-	// Gather the size of the buffer we need..
-	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(indices[0]) * indices.size();
-
-	// Create and bind a temporary buffer
-    VkTools::ManagedBuffer staging = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
-
-	// Get ready to write into our GPU buffer
-	void* data;
-	vmaMapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation, &data);
-
-	// Copy index data into the buffer
-	memcpy(data, indices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
-
-	// Unmap the buffer from stack space
-	vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation);
-
-	// Prepare an area in the GPU that we cannot see, that the vertex data can live permanently.
-	indexBuffer = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
-
-	// Copy our data from the staging buffer into the new permanent buffer
-	VkTools::copyGPUBuffer(staging.buffer, indexBuffer.buffer, bufferSize, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->queueData.graphics);
-
-	// Cleanup the staging area.
-	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.buffer, staging.allocation);
-}
-
-void GeoBuffers::createUniformBuffer() {
-	// Allocate a buffer of the right size - we don't need to copy uniforms.
-	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(Geo::UniformBufferObject);
-
-	uniformBuffer = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
-}
-
-void GeoBuffers::destroy() {
-	// Cleanup uniform buffers
-	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), uniformBuffer.buffer, uniformBuffer.allocation);
-
-	// Cleanup index buffers
-	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), indexBuffer.buffer, indexBuffer.allocation);
-
-	// Cleanup vertex buffers
-	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), vertexBuffer.buffer, vertexBuffer.allocation);
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/shader/Pipeline.cpp

@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-
-#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <map>
-
-Pipeline::Pipeline() {}
-Pipeline::~Pipeline() {}
-
-void Pipeline::create(VkExtent2D extent, VkDescriptorSetLayout set, VkRenderPass renderPass) {
-	createPipelineLayout(set);
-	createVertexPipeline(extent, renderPass);
-}
-
-void Pipeline::createPipelineLayout(VkDescriptorSetLayout set) {
-	// Prepare to create the pipeline layout
-	VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO; 
-	info.setLayoutCount = 1;
-	info.pSetLayouts = &set;
-	
-	// Create the layout
-	if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Pipeline Layout.");
-}
-
-std::vector<char> Pipeline::readFile(const std::string& filename) {
-	// Prepare the stream for reading the file
-	std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
-
-	if (!file.is_open())
-		throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unable to open shader file: ").append(filename));
-
-	size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
-
-	// Read the file into a vector
-	std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
-	file.seekg(0);
-	file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
-	file.close();
-
-	return buffer;
-}
-
-VkShaderModule Pipeline::createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
-	// Prepare to create the shader module
-	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
-	info.codeSize = code.size();
-	info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());
-
-	// Create the module
-	VkShaderModule shaderModule;
-	if (vkCreateShaderModule(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Shader module from SPIR-V binary");
-
-	return shaderModule;
-}
-
-void Pipeline::createVertexPipeline(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass renderPass) {
-
-	// ------- Stage: Shader ------- //
-
-	// Read the vertex shader
-	auto vertexShaderCode = readFile("vlkx-resources/shader/SPIRV/basic.vert.spv");
-	VkShaderModule vertexShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertexShaderCode);
-
-	// Prepare to create the Shader Stage
-	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertexShaderCreateInfo = {};
-	vertexShaderCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
-	vertexShaderCreateInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
-	vertexShaderCreateInfo.module = vertexShaderModule;
-	vertexShaderCreateInfo.pName = "main";
-
-
-	// Read the fragment shader
-	auto fragmentShaderCode = readFile("vlkx-resources/shader/SPIRV/basic.frag.spv");
-	VkShaderModule fragmentShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragmentShaderCode);
-
-	// Prepare to create the Shader Stage
-	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragmentShaderCreateInfo = {};
-	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
-	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
-	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.module = fragmentShaderModule;
-	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.pName = "main";
-
-	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {
-		vertexShaderCreateInfo,
-		fragmentShaderCreateInfo
-	};
-
-	// ------- Stage: Shader Input ------- //
-
-	auto bindingDescription = Geo::Vertex::getBindingDesc();
-	auto attributeDescription = Geo::Vertex::getAttributeDesc();
-
-	VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputCreateInfo = {};
-	vertexInputCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-	vertexInputCreateInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
-	vertexInputCreateInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
-	vertexInputCreateInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attributeDescription.size());
-	vertexInputCreateInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescription.data();
-
-	// ------- Stage: Input Assembly ------- //
-
-	VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyCreateInfo = {};
-	inputAssemblyCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-	inputAssemblyCreateInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
-	inputAssemblyCreateInfo.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;
-
-	// ------- Stage: Rasterization ------- //
-
-	VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterCreateInfo = {};
-	rasterCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-	rasterCreateInfo.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
-	rasterCreateInfo.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
-	rasterCreateInfo.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
-	rasterCreateInfo.lineWidth = 1.0f;
-	rasterCreateInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
-	rasterCreateInfo.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
-	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
-	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f;
-	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
-	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f;
-
-	// ------- Stage: MultiSample ------- //
-
-	VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleCreateInfo = {};
-	multisampleCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-	multisampleCreateInfo.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
-	multisampleCreateInfo.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-
-	// ------- Stage: Color Blending ------- //
-
-	VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttach = {};
-	colorBlendAttach.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
-	colorBlendAttach.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
-
-	VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendCreateInfo = {};
-	colorBlendCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-	colorBlendCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
-	colorBlendCreateInfo.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttach;
-
-	// ------- Stage: Viewport ------- //
-
-	VkViewport viewport = {};
-	viewport.x = 0;
-	viewport.y = 0;
-	viewport.width = (float)extent.width;
-	viewport.height = (float)extent.height;
-	viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
-	viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
-
-	VkRect2D scissor = {};
-	scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
-	scissor.extent = extent;
-
-	VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportCreateInfo = {};
-	viewportCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-	viewportCreateInfo.viewportCount = 1;
-	viewportCreateInfo.pViewports = &viewport;
-	viewportCreateInfo.scissorCount = 1;
-	viewportCreateInfo.pScissors = &scissor;
-
-	// ------- Create the Pipeline ------- //
-
-	VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {};
-	pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
-	pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
-	pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
-
-	pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputCreateInfo;
-	pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyCreateInfo;
-	pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterCreateInfo;
-	pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleCreateInfo;
-	pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = nullptr;
-	pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendCreateInfo;
-	pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;
-	pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportCreateInfo;
-
-	pipelineInfo.layout = layout;
-	pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
-	pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
-
-	if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &pipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create a Vertex rendering Pipeline.");
-
-
-	// ------- Cleanup temporary allocations ------- //
-
-	vkDestroyShaderModule(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, vertexShaderModule, nullptr);
-	vkDestroyShaderModule(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, fragmentShaderModule, nullptr);
-}
-
-
-void Pipeline::destroy() {
-	vkDestroyPipeline(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pipeline, nullptr);
-	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, layout, nullptr);
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/render/texture/RenderTexture.cpp

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/render/texture/RenderTexture.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
-
-SingleRenderTexture::SingleRenderTexture() {}
-SingleRenderTexture::~SingleRenderTexture() {}
-
-void SingleRenderTexture::createViewsAndFramebuffer(std::vector<VkImage> images, VkFormat format, VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) {
-	// Initialize members
-	this->swapChainImages = images;
-	this->swapChainImageExtent = extent;
-
-	createViews(format);
-	createFramebuffer(extent, pass);
-}
-
-void SingleRenderTexture::createViews(VkFormat format) {
-	// Prepare maximum size
-	swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());
-
-	// Iterate images and create views for each.
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
-		swapChainImageViews[i] = VkTools::createImageView(swapChainImages[i], format, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical);
-	}
-}
-
-void SingleRenderTexture::createFramebuffer(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) {
-	// Prepare maximum size
-	swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
-
-	// Iterate views and create a framebuffer for each.
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
-		// Create an array with the image view as an attachment.
-		std::array<VkImageView, 1> attachments = {
-			swapChainImageViews[i]
-		};
-
-		// Prepare the creation of a new framebuffer.
-		// One attachment, width and height from the extent, and one layer (one viewport)
-		VkFramebufferCreateInfo info = {};
-		info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
-		info.renderPass = pass;
-		info.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
-		info.pAttachments = attachments.data();
-		info.width = extent.width;
-		info.height = extent.height;
-		info.layers = 1;
-		
-		// Create the framebuffer
-		if (vkCreateFramebuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
-			throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create framebuffer for a texture.");
-	}
-}
-
-void SingleRenderTexture::destroy() {
-	// Destroy Image Views first
-	for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) {
-		vkDestroyImageView(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, imageView, nullptr);
-	}
-
-	// Framebuffers
-	for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers) {
-		vkDestroyFramebuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, framebuffer, nullptr);
-	}
-
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/temp/model/Builder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#include "temp/model/Builder.h"
+
+namespace vlkxtemp {
+    using namespace vlkx;
+    using Geo::VertexAll;
+    using VertexData = PerVertexBuffer::NoShareMeta;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<SamplableImage> createTex(const ModelBuilder::TextureSource& source) {
+        const auto usages = { ImageUsage::sampledFragment() };
+        return std::make_unique<RefCountedTexture>(source, usages, ImageSampler::Config {});
+    }
+
+    void fillTextureMeta(const ModelBuilder::BindingPoints& binding, const ModelBuilder::TexturePerMesh& textures, const ModelBuilder::TexturePerMesh& sharedTextures, Descriptor::Meta* meta, Descriptor::ImageInfos* infos) {
+        *meta = {Image::getSampleType(), VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, {} };
+        auto& texBindings = meta->bindings;
+
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < (size_t) ModelBuilder::TextureType::Count; idx++) {
+            const auto type = (ModelBuilder::TextureType) idx;
+            const size_t numTextures = textures[idx].size() + sharedTextures[idx].size();
+            if (numTextures != 0) {
+                const auto iter = binding.find(type);
+                if (iter == binding.end())
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Binding point of texture type " + std::to_string(idx) + " is not set");
+
+                texBindings.push_back({ iter->second, static_cast<uint32_t>(numTextures) });
+
+                auto& metaMap = (*infos)[iter->second];
+                metaMap.reserve(numTextures);
+                for (const auto& texture : textures[idx])
+                    metaMap.push_back(texture->getInfoForSampling());
+                for (const auto& texture : sharedTextures[idx])
+                    metaMap.push_back(texture->getInfoForSampling());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkPushConstantRange> createRanges(const ModelBuilder::ModelPushConstant& constants) {
+        std::vector<VkPushConstantRange> ranges;
+        ranges.reserve(constants.constants.size());
+        for (const auto& meta : constants.constants)
+            ranges.push_back( { constants.stage, meta.offset, meta.constants->getSize() });
+        return ranges;
+    }
+
+    VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBinding(uint32_t stride, bool instancing) {
+        return VkVertexInputBindingDescription{ 0, stride,instancing ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX, };
+    }
+
+    void setVertexInput(const PerVertexBuffer& buffer, const std::vector<PerInstanceVertexBuffer*>& instanceBuffers, GraphicsPipelineBuilder* builder) {
+        uint32_t start = 0;
+        auto attributes = buffer.getAttrs(start);
+        start += attributes.size();
+
+        builder->addVertex(0, Geo::VertexAll::getBindingDesc(), std::move(attributes));
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < instanceBuffers.size(); i++) {
+            if (instanceBuffers[i] == nullptr)
+                throw std::runtime_error("PerInstanceVertexBuffer not specified");
+            auto instanceAttrs = instanceBuffers[i]->getAttrs(start);
+            start += instanceAttrs.size();
+
+            auto instanceBinding = getBinding(instanceBuffers[i]->getSize(), true);
+            builder->addVertex(i + 1, std::move(instanceBinding), std::move(instanceAttrs));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ModelBuilder::SingleMeshModel::load(ModelBuilder* builder) const {
+        const Wavefront obj(objFile, objIndexBase);
+        VertexData vertices {
+                {{
+                    PerVertexBuffer::VertexDataMeta { obj.indices },
+                    PerVertexBuffer::VertexDataMeta { obj.vertices }
+                }}
+        };
+
+        builder->vertexBuffer = std::make_unique<StaticPerVertexBuffer>(std::move(vertices), Geo::VertexAll::getAttributeDesc());
+
+        auto& meshTexs = builder->textures;
+        meshTexs.push_back({});
+        for (const auto& pair : textureSources) {
+            const auto type = (size_t)pair.first;
+            const auto& sources = pair.second;
+
+            meshTexs.back()[type].reserve(sources.size());
+            for (const auto& source : sources)
+                meshTexs.back()[type].push_back({createTex(source)});
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ModelBuilder::MultiMeshModel::load(ModelBuilder* builder) const {
+        const ModelLoader loader(models, textures);
+        std::vector<VertexData::PerMesh> data;
+        data.reserve(loader.getMeshes().size());
+
+        for (const auto& mesh : loader.getMeshes())
+            data.push_back({ PerVertexBuffer::VertexDataMeta { mesh.indices }, PerVertexBuffer::VertexDataMeta { mesh.vertices } });
+
+        builder->vertexBuffer = std::make_unique<StaticPerVertexBuffer>(VertexData { std::move(data)}, Geo::VertexAll::getAttributeDesc());
+
+        const auto usages = { ImageUsage::sampledFragment() };
+        auto& meshTexs = builder->textures;
+        meshTexs.reserve(loader.getMeshes().size());
+        for (const auto& mesh : loader.getMeshes()) {
+            meshTexs.push_back({});
+            for (const auto& tex : mesh.textures)
+                meshTexs.back()[(size_t) tex.type].push_back(std::make_unique<RefCountedTexture>(tex.path, usages, ImageSampler::Config {}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder::ModelBuilder(std::string &&name, int frames, float aspect, const ModelResource &resource)
+        : frames(frames), aspectRatio(aspect), uniformBufferMeta(frames), pipelineBuilder(std::make_unique<GraphicsPipelineBuilder>()) {
+        pipelineBuilder->name(std::move(name));
+        resource.load(this);
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::texture(TextureType type, const TextureSource &source) {
+        sharedTextures[(size_t) type].push_back(createTex(source));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::bindTextures(TextureType type, uint32_t point) {
+        bindPoints[type] = point;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::instanceBuffer(vlkx::PerInstanceVertexBuffer* buffer) {
+        instanceBuffers.push_back(buffer);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::uniform(VkShaderStageFlags stage, std::vector<vlkx::Descriptor::Meta::Binding> &&bindings) {
+        uniformMeta.push_back({ UniformBuffer::getDescriptorType(), stage, std::move(bindings) });
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::uniformBuffer(uint32_t point, const vlkx::UniformBuffer &buffer) {
+        for (size_t frame = 0; frame < frames; frame++) {
+            const int chunk = buffer.isSingle() ? 0 : frame;
+            uniformBufferMeta[frame][point].push_back( buffer.getDescriptorInfo(chunk) );
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::pushStage(VkShaderStageFlags stage) {
+        if (!pushConstants.has_value())
+            pushConstants.emplace();
+
+        pushConstants->stage = stage;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::pushConstant(const vlkx::PushConstant* constant, uint32_t offset) {
+        if (!pushConstants.has_value())
+            pushConstants.emplace();
+
+        pushConstants.value().constants.push_back( ModelPushConstant::Meta { constant, offset });
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ModelBuilder& ModelBuilder::shader(VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, std::string &&file) {
+        pipelineBuilder->shader(stage, std::move(file));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ModelBuilder::Descriptors> ModelBuilder::createDescs() const {
+        std::vector<Descriptors> descs(frames);
+        auto infos = uniformMeta;
+        infos.resize(infos.size() + 1);
+
+        for (size_t frame = 0; frame < frames; frame++) {
+            descs[frame].reserve(textures.size());
+
+            for (const auto& tex : textures) {
+                Descriptor::ImageInfos image;
+                fillTextureMeta(bindPoints, tex, sharedTextures, &infos.back(), &image);
+
+                descs[frame].push_back(std::make_unique<StaticDescriptor>(infos));
+                descs[frame].back()->buffers(UniformBuffer::getDescriptorType(), uniformBufferMeta[frame]);
+                descs[frame].back()->images(Image::getSampleType(), image);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return descs;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Model> ModelBuilder::build() {
+        if (pushConstants.has_value())
+            if (pushConstants->constants.empty())
+                throw std::runtime_error("Model sets push constant present but no data.");
+
+        auto descs = createDescs();
+        pipelineBuilder->layout(
+                { descs[0][0]->getLayout() },
+                pushConstants.has_value() ? createRanges(pushConstants.value()) : std::vector<VkPushConstantRange> {}
+        );
+
+        setVertexInput(*vertexBuffer, instanceBuffers, pipelineBuilder.get());
+
+        uniformMeta.clear();
+        uniformBufferMeta.clear();
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<Model> {
+            new Model {
+                aspectRatio, std::move(vertexBuffer), std::move(instanceBuffers), std::move(pushConstants),
+                std::move(sharedTextures), std::move(textures), std::move(descs), std::move(pipelineBuilder)
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    void Model::update(bool opaque, const VkExtent2D &frame, VkSampleCountFlagBits samples,
+                       const vlkx::RenderPass &pass, uint32_t subpass, bool flipY) {
+
+        pipeline = (*pipelineBuilder)
+                .depthTest(true, opaque)
+                .multiSample(samples)
+                .viewport({ { 0, 0, static_cast<float>(frame.width), static_cast<float>(frame.height), 0, 1 }, { { 0, 0 }, frame } })
+                .renderPass(*pass, subpass)
+                .colorBlend(std::vector<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState>(pass.getAttachsInSubpass(subpass), vlkx::Pipeline::getAlphaBlendState(!opaque)))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    void Model::draw(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, int frame, uint32_t instances) const {
+        pipeline->bind(commands);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < perInstanceBuffers.size(); i++)
+            perInstanceBuffers[i]->bind(commands, i + 1, 0);
+
+        if (pushConstants.has_value())
+            for (const auto& meta : pushConstants->constants)
+                meta.constants->upload(commands, pipeline->getLayout(), frame, meta.offset, pushConstants->stage);
+
+        for (size_t mesh = 0; mesh < textures.size(); mesh++) {
+            descriptors[frame][mesh]->bind(commands, pipeline->getLayout(), pipeline->getBind());
+            vertexBuffer->draw(commands, 0, mesh, instances);
+        }
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/temp/model/Loader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "temp/model/Loader.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace vlkxtemp {
+
+    std::vector<std::string> split (std::string_view s, char delim) {
+        std::vector<std::string> result;
+        std::stringstream ss ((std::string(s)));
+        std::string item;
+
+        while (std::getline (ss, item, delim)) {
+            result.push_back (item);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    Wavefront::Wavefront(std::string_view path, size_t index_base) {
+        std::ifstream file(std::string(path), std::ios::binary);
+
+        std::vector<glm::vec3> positions;
+        std::vector<glm::vec3> normals;
+        std::vector<glm::vec2> tex_coords;
+        std::map<std::string, uint32_t> loaded_vertices;
+
+        const auto parse_line = [&](std::string_view line) {
+            const size_t non_space = line.find_first_not_of(' ');
+            if (non_space == std::string::npos || line[0] == '#')
+                return;
+
+            switch (line[non_space]) {
+                case 'v': {
+                    switch (line[non_space + 1]) {
+                        case ' ': {
+                            const auto nums = split(line.substr(non_space + 2), ' ');
+                            positions.emplace_back(stof(nums[0]), stof(nums[1]), stof(nums[2]));
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case 'n': {
+                            // Normal.
+                            const auto nums = split(line.substr(non_space + 3), ' ');
+                            normals.emplace_back(glm::vec3{stof(nums[0]), stof(nums[1]), stof(nums[2])});
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case 't': {
+                            // Texture coordinates.
+                            const auto nums = split(line.substr(non_space + 3), ' ');
+                            tex_coords.emplace_back(glm::vec2{stof(nums[0]), stof(nums[1])});
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default:
+                            throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected symbol " + std::to_string(line[non_space + 1]));
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'f': {
+                    for (const auto& seg : split(line.substr(non_space + 2), ' ')) {
+                        const auto iter = loaded_vertices.find(seg);
+                        if (iter != loaded_vertices.end()) {
+                            indices.push_back(iter->second);
+                        } else {
+                            indices.push_back(vertices.size());
+                            loaded_vertices[seg] = vertices.size();
+                            const auto idxs = split(seg, '/');
+                            vertices.push_back(Geo::VertexAll {
+                                    positions.at(stoi(idxs[0]) - index_base),
+                                    normals.at(stoi(idxs[2]) - index_base),
+                                    tex_coords.at(stoi(idxs[1]) - index_base),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected symbol in OBJ file: " + std::to_string(line[non_space]));
+            }
+        };
+
+        std::string line;
+        int line_num = 1;
+        try {
+            for (; std::getline(file, line); ++line_num)
+                parse_line(line);
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse obj file, error on line " + std::to_string(line_num) + ": " + line + "; " + e.what());
+        }
+    }
+
+    ModelLoader::ModelLoader(const std::string &model, const std::string &textures) {
+
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/CommandBuffer.cpp

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/CommandBuffer.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
-
-CommandBuffer::CommandBuffer() {}
-CommandBuffer::~CommandBuffer() {}
-
-void CommandBuffer::createCommandPoolAndBuffers(size_t size) {
-	createCommandPool();
-	allocateCommandBuffers(size);
-}
-
-void CommandBuffer::createCommandPool() {
-	// Prepare queues
-	QueueFamilies families = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->getQueues();
-
-	// Prepare command pool creation data
-	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-	info.queueFamilyIndex = families.graphics;
-	info.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
-
-	// Attempt creation
-	if (vkCreateCommandPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &commands) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create a command pool.");
-}
-
-void CommandBuffer::allocateCommandBuffers(size_t size) {
-	// Prepare allocation info
-	buffers.resize(size);
-
-	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
-	info.commandPool = commands;
-	info.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)buffers.size();
-
-	// Attempt allocation
-	if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, buffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate command buffer");
-}
-
-void CommandBuffer::beginCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer) {
-	// Prepare to begin listening on this buffer
-	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo info = {};
-	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
-	info.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT; // Allow writing to this buffer while another is being read.
-
-	// Attempt to begin listening
-	if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &info) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to begin a command buffer");
-}
-
-void CommandBuffer::endCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer) {
-	// Attempt to end listening
-	if (vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
-		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to end listening for a command buffer");
-}
-
-void CommandBuffer::destroy() {
-	vkDestroyCommandPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, commands, nullptr);
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/SwapChain.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h>
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h>
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
 
 SwapChain::SwapChain() {}
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ VkExtent2D SwapChain::chooseExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities)
 }
 
 void SwapChain::create(VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
-	SwapChainMeta info = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->swapChain;
+	SwapChainMeta info = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->swapChain;
 
 	VkSurfaceFormatKHR chosenFormat = chooseFormat(info.formats);
 	VkPresentModeKHR chosenMode = chooseMode(info.modes);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void SwapChain::create(VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
 	createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1; // 2 for VR
 	createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
 
-	QueueFamilies queues = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->getQueues();
+	QueueFamilies queues = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->getQueues();
 	uint32_t indices[] = { static_cast<uint32_t>(queues.graphics), static_cast<uint32_t>(queues.presentation) };
 
 	if (queues.graphics != queues.presentation) {
@@ -86,19 +86,32 @@ void SwapChain::create(VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
 	createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
 	// Create the swap-chain
-	if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain))
+	if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain))
 		throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create swap-chain");
 
-	// Fetch our images from the swapchain
+    // Set members
-	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
+    format = chosenFormat.format;
-	images.resize(imageCount);
+    extent = chosenExtent;
-	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, &imageCount, images.data());
+
+	// Fetch our images from the swapchain
+
+    uint32_t swapchainImgCount = 0;
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, &swapchainImgCount, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkImage> swapchainImgs(swapchainImgCount);
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, &swapchainImgCount, swapchainImgs.data());
+
+    images.resize(0);
+    images.reserve(imageCount);
+    for (const auto& img : swapchainImgs) {
+        images.emplace_back(std::make_unique<vlkx::SwapchainImage>(img, extent, format));
+    }
 
-	// Set gloabls
-	format = chosenFormat.format;
-	extent = chosenExtent;
 }
 
 void SwapChain::destroy() {
-	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, nullptr);
+	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, nullptr);
+    /*for (auto & image : images)
+        image.reset();
+    multisampleImg.reset(); */
 }

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/Tools.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+#include <string>
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.h"
+
+API VmaAllocator VkTools::allocator;
+
+VkTools::ManagedImage VkTools::createImage(VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags flags, VkExtent3D extent) {
+    // Set up image metadata
+    VkImageCreateInfo info = {};
+    info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+    info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D;
+    info.pNext = nullptr;
+    info.format = format;
+    info.extent = extent;
+    info.mipLevels = 1;
+    info.arrayLayers = 1;
+    info.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+    info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+    info.usage = flags;
+
+    // Prepare the managed image
+    ManagedImage image {};
+
+    // Set up image allocation
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocateInfo = {};
+    allocateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
+
+    // Allocate + create the image
+    vmaCreateImage(allocator, &info, &allocateInfo, &image.image, &image.allocation, nullptr);
+
+    return image;
+}
+
+VkSampler VkTools::createSampler(VkFilter filters, VkSamplerAddressMode mode, uint32_t mipping, VkDevice dev) {
+    VkSamplerCreateInfo info = {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO,
+            nullptr, {}, filters, filters,
+            VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR, mode, mode, mode,
+            0, VK_TRUE, 16, VK_FALSE,
+            VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS, 0, static_cast<float>(mipping),
+            VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK, VK_FALSE
+    };
+
+    VkSampler sampler;
+    vkCreateSampler(dev, &info, nullptr, &sampler);
+
+    return sampler;
+}
+
+VkImageView VkTools::createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags flags, uint32_t mipping, uint32_t layers, VkDevice device) {
+    // Raw information about the image
+    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
+    viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+    viewInfo.image = image;
+    viewInfo.viewType = layers == 1 ? VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D : VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE;
+    viewInfo.format = format;
+
+    // Information about the things we want to create - size, mip levels.
+    viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = flags;
+    viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
+    viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipping;
+    viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+    viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = layers;
+
+    VkImageView imageView;
+    if (vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create texture image view.");
+
+    return imageView;
+}
+
+VkTools::ManagedBuffer VkTools::createGPUBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkDevice logicalDevice, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, bool hostVisible) {
+    // Prepare for creation of a buffer
+    VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
+    bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+    bufferInfo.size = size;
+    bufferInfo.usage = usage;
+    bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+
+    ManagedBuffer buffer {};
+
+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo vmaInfo = {};
+    vmaInfo.usage = hostVisible ? VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY : VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
+    vmaInfo.requiredFlags = properties;
+
+    // Create the buffer.
+    if (VkResult status = vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &vmaInfo, &buffer.buffer, &buffer.allocation, nullptr); status != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create GPU buffer: " + std::to_string(status));
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+uint32_t findMemoryIndex(uint32_t type, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
+    // Get the physical properties of the device.
+    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physProperties;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &physProperties);
+
+    // Iterate the device and search for a suitable index
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++)
+        // If the type matches, and the properties are what we desire, then ship it.
+        if ((type & (1 << i)) && ((physProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties))
+            return i;
+
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unable to find a suitable memory type on the physical device.");
+}
+
+void VkTools::immediateExecute(const std::function<void(const VkCommandBuffer&)>& execute, VulkanDevice* dev) {
+    vlkx::ImmediateCommand cmd({ dev->graphicsQueue, dev->queueData.graphics });
+    cmd.run(execute);
+}
+
+void VkTools::copyGPUBuffer(VkBuffer source, VkBuffer dest, VkDeviceSize length, VulkanDevice* dev) {
+    immediateExecute([&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+        // Prepare to copy the data between buffers
+        VkBufferCopy copyInfo = {};
+        copyInfo.srcOffset = 0;
+        copyInfo.dstOffset = 0;
+        copyInfo.size = length;
+
+        // Copy the data.
+        vkCmdCopyBuffer(commands, source, dest, 1, &copyInfo);
+    }, dev);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ std::vector<const char*> ValidationAndExtension::getRequiredExtensions(SDL_Windo
     SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(window, &count, nullptr);
 
     std::vector<const char*> extensions = {
+            #ifdef __APPLE__
+            "VK_KHR_portability_enumeration",
+            #endif
+            "VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2"
     };
 
     size_t additional_extension_count = extensions.size();
@@ -57,17 +61,16 @@ std::vector<const char*> ValidationAndExtension::getRequiredExtensions(SDL_Windo
 }
 
 static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(
-        VkDebugReportFlagsEXT                       flags,
+	VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags,
-        VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT                  objectType,
+	VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objExt,
-        uint64_t                                    object,
+	uint64_t obj,
-        size_t                                      location,
+    size_t location,
-        int32_t                                     messageCode,
+	int32_t code,
-        const char*                                 pLayerPrefix,
+	const char* layer,
-        const char*                                 pMessage,
+	const char* message,
-        void*                                       pUserData
+	void* user) {
-        ) {
 
-	std::cerr << "Validation from layer " << pLayerPrefix << ": " << pMessage << std::endl;
+	std::cerr << "Validation from layer " << layer << ": " << message << std::endl;
 	return false;
 }
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/VulkanDevice.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ void VulkanDevice::choosePhysicalDevice(VkInstance* vulkan, VkSurfaceKHR surface
 	for (const auto& device : physicals) {
 		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;
 		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &props);
+        limits = props.limits;
 
         bool dedicated = props.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU;
         spdlog::debug(std::string("Device: ") + props.deviceName + ", discrete: " + (dedicated ? "yes" : "no"));
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ bool VulkanDevice::isSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
 
 QueueFamilies VulkanDevice::checkQueues(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
 	QueueFamilies families;
-	// Enumerate queueues
+	// Enumerate queues
 	uint32_t queueCount = 0;
 	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueCount, nullptr);
 

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/VulkanManager.cpp

@@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
-#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
-
-#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
-
-#define VKTOOLS_IMPLEMENTATION
-
-#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
-
-#include <vlkx\vulkan\VulkanManager.h>
-#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
-#include "spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h"
-
-VulkanManager::VulkanManager() { rayTraceMode = false; }
-
-VulkanManager::~VulkanManager() = default;
-
-VulkanManager* VulkanManager::instance = nullptr;
-
-
-VmaAllocator             VkTools::g_allocator;
-VkInstance               VkTools::g_Instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-VkPhysicalDevice         VkTools::g_PhysicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-VkDevice                 VkTools::g_Device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-uint32_t                 VkTools::g_QueueFamily = (uint32_t)-1;
-VkQueue                  VkTools::g_Queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-VkDebugReportCallbackEXT VkTools::g_DebugReport = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-VulkanManager* VulkanManager::getInstance() {
-    return VulkanManager::instance != nullptr ? VulkanManager::instance
-                                              : (VulkanManager::instance = new VulkanManager());
-}
-
-void VulkanManager::createAppAndVulkanInstance(bool enableValidation, ValidationAndExtension* validations) {
-    VkApplicationInfo info = {};
-    info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
-    info.pApplicationName = "Sup";
-    info.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0);
-    info.pEngineName = "Infinity Drive";
-    info.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0);
-    info.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
-
-    VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceInfo = {};
-    instanceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
-    instanceInfo.pApplicationInfo = &info;
-
-    auto extensions = validations->getRequiredExtensions(wnd, true);
-    instanceInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
-    instanceInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &extensions[0];
-
-    auto layers = validations->requiredValidations;
-    if (enableValidation) {
-        instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size());
-        instanceInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = &layers[0];
-    } else {
-        instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    auto status = vkCreateInstance(&instanceInfo, nullptr, &vulkan);
-    if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize Vulkan: " + std::to_string(status));
-    }
-
-}
-
-void VulkanManager::initVulkan(SDL_Window* window) {
-    wnd = window;
-    validators = new ValidationAndExtension();
-
-    spdlog::info("Initializing Infinity Drive rendering engine");
-    spdlog::default_logger()->set_level(spdlog::level::debug);
-
-    if (!validators->checkValidationSupport())
-        throw std::runtime_error("Validation not available");
-
-    createAppAndVulkanInstance(validationRequired, validators);
-
-    validators->setupDebugCallback(validationRequired, vulkan);
-
-    if (SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(window, vulkan, &surface) != SDL_TRUE)
-        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Vulkan Surface");
-
-    this->device = new VulkanDevice();
-    this->device->choosePhysicalDevice(&vulkan, surface);
-    this->device->createLogicalDevice(surface, validationRequired, validators);
-
-    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};
-    allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = this->device->physical;
-    allocatorInfo.device = this->device->logical;
-    allocatorInfo.instance = this->vulkan;
-    vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &this->allocator);
-    VkTools::g_allocator = this->allocator;
-    VkTools::g_PhysicalDevice = this->device->physical;
-    VkTools::g_Device = this->device->logical;
-    VkTools::g_Instance = this->vulkan;
-
-    this->swapchain = new SwapChain();
-    this->swapchain->create(surface);
-
-    this->renderPass = new RenderPass();
-
-    // Set up for vertex rendering
-    this->renderPass->createVertexRenderPass(swapchain->format);
-    this->renderTexture = new SingleRenderTexture();
-
-    this->renderTexture->createViewsAndFramebuffer(swapchain->images, swapchain->format,
-        swapchain->extent,renderPass->pass
-    );
-
-    this->buffers = new CommandBuffer();
-    this->buffers->createCommandPoolAndBuffers(swapchain->images.size());
-
-    // Create semaphores for render events
-    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
-    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
-    vkCreateSemaphore(device->logical, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &newImageSem);
-    vkCreateSemaphore(device->logical, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderDoneSem);
-
-    // Create fences for the frames
-    inFlight.resize(MAX_FRAMES);
-    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
-    fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
-    fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++) {
-        if (vkCreateFence(device->logical, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlight[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create fence for a frame");
-    }
-
-    spdlog::info("Infinity Drive initialization finished.");
-}
-
-void VulkanManager::startDraw() {
-    // Prepare for a new frame to start
-    vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device->logical, swapchain->swapChain,
-        std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), newImageSem,VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex
-    );
-
-    vkWaitForFences(device->logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE,
-        std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()
-    );
-
-    vkResetFences(device->logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex]);
-
-    // Fetch the next command buffer
-    currentCommandBuffer = buffers->buffers[imageIndex];
-    buffers->beginCommandBuffer(currentCommandBuffer);
-
-    // Setup render pass; setup clear color
-    VkClearValue clearColor = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; // Red
-
-    // Execute render pass
-    renderPass->beginRenderPass({ clearColor }, currentCommandBuffer, dynamic_cast<SingleRenderTexture*>(renderTexture)->swapChainFramebuffers[imageIndex], dynamic_cast<SingleRenderTexture*>(renderTexture)->swapChainImageExtent);
-}
-
-void VulkanManager::endDraw() {
-    // End command buffer first
-    renderPass->endRenderPass(currentCommandBuffer);
-    buffers->endCommandBuffer(currentCommandBuffer);
-
-    // Prepare to submit all draw commands to the GPU
-    VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {
-            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT
-    };
-
-    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
-    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
-    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
-    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &currentCommandBuffer;
-    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
-    // Wait for the New Image semaphore, and signal the Render Done semaphore when finished
-    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
-    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &newImageSem;
-    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
-    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &renderDoneSem;
-
-    // Submit.
-    vkQueueSubmit(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlight[imageIndex]);
-
-    // Prepare to show the drawn frame on the screen.
-    VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {};
-    presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
-    presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
-    presentInfo.pSwapchains = &swapchain->swapChain;
-    presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
-    // Wait until render is finished before presenting.
-    presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
-    presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &renderDoneSem;
-
-    // Show.
-    vkQueuePresentKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->presentationQueue, &presentInfo);
-
-    // Wait for the GPU to catch up
-    vkQueueWaitIdle(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->presentationQueue);
-}
-
-void VulkanManager::cleanup() {
-    // Wait for the GPU to not be busy
-    vkDeviceWaitIdle(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical);
-
-    // Destroy our own data
-    vkDestroySemaphore(device->logical, renderDoneSem, nullptr);
-    vkDestroySemaphore(device->logical, newImageSem, nullptr);
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++) {
-        vkDestroyFence(device->logical, inFlight[i], nullptr);
-    }
-
-    buffers->destroy();
-    renderTexture->destroy();
-    renderPass->destroy();
-    swapchain->destroy();
-
-    // Destroy the Vulkan Device
-    VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->destroy();
-
-    // Delete the layer validators.
-    validators->destroy(validationRequired, vulkan);
-
-    // Delete the surface and Vulkan instance.
-    vkDestroySurfaceKHR(vulkan, surface, nullptr);
-    vkDestroyInstance(vulkan, nullptr);
-
-    vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
-
-    // Delete allocated memory for our own data.
-    delete buffers;
-    delete renderTexture;
-    delete renderPass;
-    delete swapchain;
-    delete device;
-    delete validators;
-}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/VulkanModule.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+
+#include <vlkx\vulkan\VulkanModule.h>
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+#include "spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h"
+#include "core/ShadowApplication.h"
+#include "core/SDL2Module.h"
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/ScreenRenderPass.h"
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h>
+
+#define CATCH(x) \
+    try { x } catch (std::exception& e) { spdlog::error(e.what()); exit(0); }
+
+SHObject_Base_Impl(VulkanModule)
+
+std::unique_ptr<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager> renderPass;
+bool renderingGeometry;
+std::unique_ptr<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager> editorPass;
+
+std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderCommand> editorRenderCommands;
+
+const std::unique_ptr<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager>& VulkanModule::getRenderPass() {
+    return renderPass;
+}
+
+VulkanModule::VulkanModule() { instance = this; }
+
+VulkanModule::~VulkanModule() = default;
+
+VulkanModule* VulkanModule::instance = nullptr;
+
+VulkanModule* VulkanModule::getInstance() {
+    return VulkanModule::instance != nullptr ? VulkanModule::instance
+                                             : (VulkanModule::instance = new VulkanModule());
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::EnableEditor() {
+    editorEnabled = true;
+}
+
+VkExtent2D VulkanModule::GetRenderExtent() {
+    if (editorEnabled) {
+        if (renderingGeometry)
+            return editorContentFrames[0]->getExtent();
+        else
+            return swapchain->extent;
+    } else
+        return swapchain->extent;
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::Recreate() {
+    vkDeviceWaitIdle(device->logical);
+
+    device->swapChain = device->checkSwapchain(device->physical, surface);
+
+    if (device->swapChain.capabilities.currentExtent.width == 0 && device->swapChain.capabilities.currentExtent.height == 0) {
+        []() {
+            SDL_Event event;
+            while (true) {
+                while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+                    if (event.type == SDL_WINDOWEVENT && (event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_MAXIMIZED || event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SHOWN || event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESIZED || event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SIZE_CHANGED || event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESTORED))
+                        return;
+                }
+            }
+        }();
+    }
+
+    device->swapChain = device->checkSwapchain(device->physical, surface);
+
+    swapchain->destroy();
+    swapchain->create(surface);
+
+    renderPass->initializeRenderPass();
+    editorPass->initializeRenderPass();
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::PreInit() {
+    spdlog::info("Vulkan Renderer Module loading..");
+
+
+    auto shApp = ShadowEngine::ShadowApplication::Get();
+
+    ShadowEngine::ModuleManager &moduleManager = shApp.GetModuleManager();
+
+    auto sdl2module = moduleManager.GetModuleByType<ShadowEngine::SDL2Module>();
+
+    CATCH(initVulkan(sdl2module->_window->sdlWindowPtr);)
+
+    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+    ImGui::CreateContext();
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO(); (void)io;
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable;           // Enable Docking
+    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable;         // Enable Multi-Viewport / Platform Windows
+
+    // Setup Dear ImGui style
+    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+    VkDescriptorPool imGuiPool;
+    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[] =
+            {
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1000 },
+                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, 1000 }
+            };
+
+    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {};
+    pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+    pool_info.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT;
+    pool_info.maxSets = 1000 * IM_ARRAYSIZE(pool_sizes);
+    pool_info.poolSizeCount = (uint32_t)IM_ARRAYSIZE(pool_sizes);
+    pool_info.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;
+    vkCreateDescriptorPool(getDevice()->logical, &pool_info, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imGuiPool);
+
+    // Setup Platform/Renderer backends
+    ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForVulkan(wnd);
+    ImGui_ImplVulkan_InitInfo init_info = {};
+    init_info.Instance = getVulkan();
+    init_info.PhysicalDevice = getDevice()->physical;
+    init_info.Device = getDevice()->logical;
+    init_info.QueueFamily = getDevice()->queueData.graphics;
+    init_info.Queue = getDevice()->graphicsQueue;
+    init_info.PipelineCache = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    init_info.DescriptorPool = imGuiPool;
+    init_info.Subpass = 1;
+    init_info.MinImageCount = getSwapchain()->images.size();
+    init_info.ImageCount = getSwapchain()->images.size();
+    init_info.MSAASamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+    init_info.Allocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    init_info.CheckVkResultFn = nullptr;
+
+
+    if (editorEnabled) {
+        editorContentFrames.resize(1);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
+            vlkx::TextureImage::Meta meta {
+                    {nullptr}, {vlkx::ImageUsage::renderTarget(0)}, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, 640, 480, 4
+            };
+            editorContentFrames[i] = std::make_unique<vlkx::TextureImage>(0, vlkx::ImageSampler::Config {}, meta);
+        }
+
+        editorRenderCommands = std::make_unique<vlkx::RenderCommand>(editorContentFrames.size());
+    }
+
+    renderPass = std::make_unique<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager>(vlkx::RendererConfig { editorEnabled ? 1 : 2, editorEnabled ? editorContentFrames : swapchain->images, !editorEnabled } );
+    renderPass->initializeRenderPass();
+    editorPass = std::make_unique<vlkx::ScreenRenderPassManager>(vlkx::RendererConfig { 2, swapchain->images, true } );
+    editorPass->initializeRenderPass();
+
+    ImGui_ImplVulkan_Init(&init_info, **(editorEnabled ? editorPass : renderPass)->getPass());
+
+    VkTools::immediateExecute([](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) { ImGui_ImplVulkan_CreateFontsTexture(commands); }, getDevice());
+
+    if (editorEnabled) {
+        editorRenderPlanes.resize(editorContentFrames.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < editorContentFrames.size(); i++) {
+            editorRenderPlanes[i] = ImGui_ImplVulkan_AddTexture(VkTools::createSampler(VK_FILTER_LINEAR, VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, 0, device->logical), editorContentFrames[i]->getView(), VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    renderingGeometry = false;
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::Init() {
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::BeginRenderPass(const std::unique_ptr<vlkx::RenderCommand>& commands) {
+    const auto update = !editorEnabled ? [](const int frame) { ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->Update(frame); } : nullptr;
+
+    const auto res = commands->execute(commands->getFrame(), swapchain->swapChain, update,
+            [this](const VkCommandBuffer& buffer, int frame) {
+                (editorEnabled ? editorPass : renderPass)->getPass()->execute(buffer, frame, {
+                        // Render our model
+                        [&](const VkCommandBuffer &commands) {
+                            if (!editorEnabled) {
+                                renderingGeometry = true;
+                                ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->Render(const_cast<VkCommandBuffer &>(commands), frame);
+                                ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->LateRender(const_cast<VkCommandBuffer &>(commands), frame);
+                                renderingGeometry = false;
+                            }
+                        },
+                        // Render ImGUI
+                        [&](const VkCommandBuffer &commands) {
+                            ImGui_ImplVulkan_NewFrame();
+                            ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
+                            ImGui::NewFrame();
+
+                            if (editorEnabled)
+                                ImGui::Image(editorRenderPlanes[0], { 640, 480 });
+
+                            ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->OverlayRender();
+
+                            ImGui::Render();
+                            ImGuiIO &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+                            (void) io;
+
+                            ImGui_ImplVulkan_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), commands);
+
+                            // Update and Render additional Platform Windows
+                            if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable) {
+                                ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows();
+                                ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault();
+                            }
+                        }
+                });
+            }
+    );
+
+    if (res.has_value())
+        ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::getInstance()->Recreate();
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::PreRender() {
+    if (editorEnabled) {
+        editorRenderCommands->executeSimple(editorRenderCommands->getFrame(), [](const int frame) { ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->Update(frame); },
+                   [&](const VkCommandBuffer& buffer, int frame) {
+                       renderPass->getPass()->execute(buffer, frame, {
+                           [&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+                               renderingGeometry = true;
+                               ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->Render(const_cast<VkCommandBuffer &>(commands), frame);
+                               ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::instance->LateRender(const_cast<VkCommandBuffer &>(commands), frame);
+                               renderingGeometry = false;
+                           }
+                       });
+                   }
+        );
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+void VulkanModule::OverlayRender() {}
+void VulkanModule::AfterFrameEnd() {}
+void VulkanModule::Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) {}
+void VulkanModule::Update(int frame) {}
+void VulkanModule::Event(SDL_Event *e) { (void)e; }
+
+void VulkanModule::LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) {
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::Destroy() {
+    ImGui_ImplVulkan_Shutdown();
+    ImGui_ImplSDL2_Shutdown();
+    ImGui::DestroyContext();
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::createAppAndVulkanInstance(bool enableValidation, ValidationAndExtension* validations) {
+    VkApplicationInfo info = {};
+    info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
+    info.pApplicationName = "Sup";
+    info.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0);
+    info.pEngineName = "Infinity Drive";
+    info.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0);
+    info.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
+
+    VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceInfo = {};
+    instanceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    VkFlags instanceFlag = VK_INSTANCE_CREATE_ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY_BIT_KHR;
+#else
+    VkFlags instanceFlag = 0;
+#endif
+    instanceInfo.flags = instanceFlag;
+    instanceInfo.pApplicationInfo = &info;
+
+    auto extensions = validations->getRequiredExtensions(wnd, true);
+    instanceInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
+    instanceInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &extensions[0];
+
+    auto layers = validations->requiredValidations;
+    if (enableValidation) {
+        instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size());
+        instanceInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = &layers[0];
+    } else {
+        instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    auto status = vkCreateInstance(&instanceInfo, nullptr, &vulkan);
+    if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize Vulkan: " + std::to_string(status));
+    }
+
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::initVulkan(SDL_Window* window) {
+    wnd = window;
+    validators = new ValidationAndExtension();
+
+    spdlog::info("Initializing Infinity Drive rendering engine");
+    spdlog::default_logger()->set_level(spdlog::level::debug);
+
+    if (!validators->checkValidationSupport())
+        throw std::runtime_error("Validation not available");
+
+    createAppAndVulkanInstance(validationRequired, validators);
+
+    validators->setupDebugCallback(validationRequired, vulkan);
+
+    if (SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(window, vulkan, &surface) != SDL_TRUE)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Vulkan Surface");
+
+    this->device = new VulkanDevice();
+    this->device->choosePhysicalDevice(&vulkan, surface);
+    this->device->createLogicalDevice(surface, validationRequired, validators);
+
+    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};
+    allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = this->device->physical;
+    allocatorInfo.device = this->device->logical;
+    allocatorInfo.instance = this->vulkan;
+    vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &this->allocator);
+    VkTools::allocator = allocator;
+
+    this->swapchain = new SwapChain();
+    this->swapchain->create(surface);
+    spdlog::info("Infinity Drive initialization finished.");
+}
+
+void VulkanModule::cleanup() {
+    // Wait for the GPU to not be busy
+    vkDeviceWaitIdle(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical);
+
+    swapchain->destroy();
+
+    // Destroy the Vulkan Device
+    VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->destroy();
+
+    // Delete the layer validators.
+    validators->destroy(validationRequired, vulkan);
+
+    // Delete the surface and Vulkan instance.
+    vkDestroySurfaceKHR(vulkan, surface, nullptr);
+    vkDestroyInstance(vulkan, nullptr);
+
+    vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
+
+    delete swapchain;
+    delete device;
+    delete validators;
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/abstraction/Buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Buffer.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace vlkx {
+
+    void executeBulkCopy(VkTools::ManagedBuffer buffer, const std::vector<vlkx::Buffer::CopyMeta>& meta) {
+        void* dst;
+        vmaMapMemory(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getAllocator(), buffer.allocation, &dst);
+        // GPU memory accessible through dst pointer
+
+        for (const auto& info : meta) {
+            memcpy(static_cast<char*>(dst) + info.start, info.data, info.length);
+        }
+
+        // Unmap GPU memory
+        vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getAllocator(), buffer.allocation);
+    }
+
+    StagingBuffer::StagingBuffer(const vlkx::Buffer::BulkCopyMeta &copyMeta) : dataSize(copyMeta.length) {
+        setBuffer(VkTools::createGPUBuffer(dataSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical));
+
+        executeBulkCopy(get(), copyMeta.metas);
+    }
+
+    void StagingBuffer::copy(const VkBuffer &target) const {
+        VkTools::copyGPUBuffer(get().buffer, target, dataSize, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice());
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> VertexBuffer::getAttrs(uint32_t start) const {
+        std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> descs;
+        descs.reserve(attributes.size());
+
+        for (const auto& attr : attributes) {
+            descs.push_back(VkVertexInputAttributeDescription {
+                start++, 0, attr.format, attr.offset
+            });
+        }
+
+        return descs;
+    }
+
+    void VertexBuffer::draw(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, uint32_t verts, uint32_t instances) {
+        vkCmdDraw(commands, verts, instances, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    void VertexBuffer::create(VkDeviceSize totalSize, bool dynamic, bool indexes) {
+        VkBufferUsageFlags usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT;
+        VkMemoryPropertyFlags props;
+
+        if (dynamic) {
+            props = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+        } else {
+            usage |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+            props = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+        }
+
+        if (indexes)
+            usage |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT;
+
+        setBuffer(VkTools::createGPUBuffer(totalSize, usage, props, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical, dynamic));
+    }
+
+    DynamicBuffer::DynamicBuffer(size_t size, bool hasIndices, vlkx::VertexBuffer *buffer) : hasIndices(hasIndices), vertexBuffer(buffer) {
+        resize(size);
+    }
+
+    void DynamicBuffer::resize(size_t pSize) {
+        if (pSize <= bufferSize()) return;
+
+        if (pSize > 0) {
+            // todo: release the buffer & device memory
+        }
+
+        size = pSize;
+        vertexBuffer->create(size, true, hasIndices);
+    }
+
+    Buffer::BulkCopyMeta PerVertexBuffer::NoIndexBufferMeta::prepareCopy(vlkx::PerVertexBuffer *buffer) const {
+        auto& meshInfos = buffer->meshDataInfo.emplace<MeshDataNoIndex>().info;
+        meshInfos.reserve(perMeshVertices.size());
+
+        std::vector<Buffer::CopyMeta> copyMetas;
+        copyMetas.reserve(perMeshVertices.size());
+
+        VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
+        for (const auto& verts : perMeshVertices) {
+            meshInfos.push_back(MeshDataNoIndex::Info { static_cast<uint32_t>(verts.unitsPerMesh), offset });
+            copyMetas.push_back(Buffer::CopyMeta { verts.data, verts.sizePerMesh, offset });
+            offset += verts.sizePerMesh;
+        }
+
+        return Buffer::BulkCopyMeta { offset, std::move(copyMetas) };
+    }
+
+    Buffer::BulkCopyMeta PerVertexBuffer::SharedIndexMeta::prepareCopy(vlkx::PerVertexBuffer *buffer) const {
+        auto& meshInfos = buffer->meshDataInfo.emplace<MeshDataIndex>().info;
+        meshInfos.reserve(meshes);
+
+        VkDeviceSize offset = sharedIndices.sizePerMesh;
+        for (int i = 0; i < meshes; ++i) {
+            meshInfos.push_back(MeshDataIndex::Info { static_cast<uint32_t>(sharedIndices.unitsPerMesh), 0, offset });
+            offset += perMeshVertex.sizePerMesh;
+        }
+
+        return Buffer::BulkCopyMeta { offset, { { sharedIndices.data, sharedIndices.sizePerMesh, 0 }, { perMeshVertex.data, perMeshVertex.sizePerMesh * meshes, sharedIndices.sizePerMesh } } };
+    }
+
+
+    Buffer::BulkCopyMeta PerVertexBuffer::NoShareMeta::prepareCopy(vlkx::PerVertexBuffer *buffer) const {
+        auto& meshInfos = buffer->meshDataInfo.emplace<MeshDataIndex>().info;
+        meshInfos.reserve(perMeshMeta.size());
+
+        std::vector<Buffer::CopyMeta> copyMetas;
+        copyMetas.reserve(perMeshMeta.size() * 2);
+
+        VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
+        for (const auto& meta : perMeshMeta) {
+            const size_t indicesSize = meta.indices.sizePerMesh;
+            const size_t verticesSize = meta.vertices.sizePerMesh;
+            const VkDeviceSize verticesOffset = offset + indicesSize;
+
+            meshInfos.push_back(MeshDataIndex::Info { static_cast<uint32_t>(meta.indices.unitsPerMesh), offset, verticesOffset });
+            copyMetas.push_back(Buffer::CopyMeta { meta.indices.data, indicesSize, offset });
+            copyMetas.push_back(Buffer::CopyMeta { meta.vertices.data, verticesSize, verticesOffset });
+
+            offset += indicesSize + verticesSize;
+        }
+
+        return Buffer::BulkCopyMeta { offset, std::move(copyMetas) };
+    }
+
+    void PerVertexBuffer::draw(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, uint32_t bind, int index, uint32_t instances) const {
+        if (const auto* meshNoIndex = std::get_if<MeshDataNoIndex>(&meshDataInfo); meshNoIndex != nullptr) {
+            const auto& meshInfo = meshNoIndex->info[index];
+            vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commands, bind, 1, &getBuffer(), &meshInfo.vertexStart);
+            vkCmdDraw(commands, meshInfo.vertexCount, instances, 0, 0);
+        } else if (const auto* meshIndex = std::get_if<MeshDataIndex>(&meshDataInfo); meshIndex != nullptr) {
+            const auto& meshInfo = meshIndex->info[index];
+            vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commands, getBuffer(), meshInfo.indexStart, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
+            vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commands, bind, 1, &getBuffer(), &meshInfo.vertexStart);
+            vkCmdDrawIndexed(commands, meshInfo.indexCount, instances, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    StaticPerVertexBuffer::StaticPerVertexBuffer(const vlkx::PerVertexBuffer::BufferDataMeta &info,
+                                                 std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> &&attrs) : PerVertexBuffer(std::move(attrs)) {
+        const BulkCopyMeta copy = info.prepareCopy(this);
+        create(copy.length, false, info.hasIndices());
+        const StagingBuffer staging(copy);
+        staging.copy(getBuffer());
+    }
+
+    void DynamicPerVertexBuffer::copyToDevice(const vlkx::PerVertexBuffer::BufferDataMeta &meta) {
+        const BulkCopyMeta copy = meta.prepareCopy(this);
+        resize(copy.length);
+        executeBulkCopy(get(), copy.metas);
+    }
+
+    void PerInstanceVertexBuffer::bind(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, uint32_t bindPoint, int offset) const {
+        const VkDeviceSize size = sizePerInstance * offset;
+        vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commands, bindPoint, 1, &getBuffer(), &size);
+    }
+
+    StaticPerInstanceBuffer::StaticPerInstanceBuffer(uint32_t size, const void *data, uint32_t instances,
+                                                     std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> &&attrs) : PerInstanceVertexBuffer(size, std::move(attrs)) {
+        const uint32_t totalSize = size * instances;
+        create(totalSize, false, false);
+
+        const BulkCopyMeta copy { totalSize, { {data, totalSize, 0} } };
+        const StagingBuffer staging(copy);
+        staging.copy(getBuffer());
+    }
+
+    void DynamicPerInstanceBuffer::copyToDevice(const void *data, uint32_t instances) {
+        const uint32_t totalSize = getSize() * instances;
+        const BulkCopyMeta copy { totalSize, { { data, totalSize, 0 } } };
+        resize(totalSize);
+        executeBulkCopy(get(), copy.metas);
+    }
+
+    UniformBuffer::UniformBuffer(size_t chunkSize, int chunks) : DataBuffer(), chunkSize(chunkSize), numChunks(chunks) {
+        const VkDeviceSize alignment = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
+        chunkLength = (chunkSize + alignment - 1) / alignment * alignment;
+
+        data = new char[chunkSize * numChunks];
+        setBuffer(VkTools::createGPUBuffer(chunkLength * numChunks, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical, true));
+    }
+
+    void UniformBuffer::upload(int index) const {
+        checkIndex(index);
+        const VkDeviceSize srcOffset = chunkSize * index;
+        const VkDeviceSize dstOffset = chunkLength * index;
+
+        // TODO: dstoffset?
+        executeBulkCopy(get(), { { data + srcOffset, chunkSize, 0 } } );
+    }
+
+    void UniformBuffer::upload(int index, VkDeviceSize dataSize, VkDeviceSize start) const {
+        checkIndex(index);
+        const VkDeviceSize srcOffset = chunkSize * index + start;
+        const VkDeviceSize dstOffset = chunkLength * index + start;
+
+        // TODO: dstoffset?
+        executeBulkCopy(get(), { { data + srcOffset, dataSize, 0 } } );
+    }
+
+    VkDescriptorBufferInfo UniformBuffer::getDescriptorInfo(int index) const {
+        checkIndex(index);
+        return VkDescriptorBufferInfo { getBuffer(), chunkLength * index, chunkSize};
+    }
+
+    void UniformBuffer::checkIndex(int index) const {
+        if (index > numChunks)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to access uniform chunk " + std::to_string(index) + " out of range.");
+
+    }
+
+    PushConstant::PushConstant(size_t size, int numFrames) : sizePerFrame(static_cast<uint32_t>(size)), numFrames(numFrames) {
+        if (size > 128)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to push constant of size " + std::to_string(size) + ", max ix 128.");
+
+        data = new char[size * numFrames];
+    }
+
+    void PushConstant::upload(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, const VkPipelineLayout &pipelineLayout, int frame,
+                              uint32_t offset, VkShaderStageFlags stage) const {
+        checkIndex(frame);
+        void* data = getData<void>(frame);
+        vkCmdPushConstants(commands, pipelineLayout, stage, offset, sizePerFrame, data);
+    }
+
+    void PushConstant::checkIndex(int index) const {
+        if (index > numFrames)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to access push constant for frame " + std::to_string(index) + " out of range.");
+
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Commands.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
+
+#include <limits>
+
+vlkx::CommandBuffer::CommandBuffer() {
+    dev = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice();
+}
+
+VkCommandPool createPool(vlkx::Queue queue, bool shortLived) {
+    VkCommandPool pool;
+    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
+    poolCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+    poolCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queue.queueIndex;
+    poolCreateInfo.flags = shortLived ? VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT : VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
+
+    // Create the pool
+    if (vkCreateCommandPool(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &poolCreateInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate a temporary command pool");
+
+    return pool;
+}
+
+std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> allocateBuffers(const VkCommandPool& pool, uint32_t amount) {
+    const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocate {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        nullptr, pool, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, amount
+    };
+
+    std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> buffers(amount);
+    if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &allocate, buffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate command buffers");
+
+    return buffers;
+}
+
+void recordCommands(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, VkCommandBufferUsageFlags flags, const vlkx::CommandBuffer::Command& record) {
+    const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO, nullptr, flags, nullptr
+    };
+
+    if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commands, &begin) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to begin listening on command buffer");
+    if (record != nullptr)
+        record(commands);
+    if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commands) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to end listening on command buffer");
+}
+
+std::optional<VkResult> parseResult(VkResult result) {
+    switch(result) {
+        case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR: return result;
+        case VK_SUCCESS:
+        case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:
+            return std::nullopt;
+
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("Command buffer returned unknown result " + std::to_string(result));
+    }
+}
+
+vlkx::ImmediateCommand::ImmediateCommand(Queue queue) : queue(queue) {
+    const auto pool = createPool(queue, true);
+    setPool(pool);
+    commands = allocateBuffers(pool, 1)[0];
+}
+
+void vlkx::ImmediateCommand::run(const vlkx::CommandBuffer::Command &cmd) {
+    recordCommands(commands, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT, cmd);
+    const VkSubmitInfo submit {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+        nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr, 1,
+        &commands, 0, nullptr
+    };
+
+    vkQueueSubmit(queue.queue, 1, &submit, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+    vkQueueWaitIdle(queue.queue);
+}
+
+vlkx::RenderCommand::RenderCommand(int frames) {
+    VulkanDevice* dev = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice();
+
+    // Create semaphores for render events
+    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
+    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+    vkCreateSemaphore(dev->logical, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &newImageSem);
+    vkCreateSemaphore(dev->logical, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderDoneSem);
+
+    // Create fences for the frames
+    inFlight.resize(frames);
+    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
+    fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
+    fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+        if (vkCreateFence(dev->logical, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlight[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create fence for a frame");
+    }
+
+    const auto pool = createPool({ dev->graphicsQueue, dev->queueData.graphics }, false);
+    setPool(pool);
+    commands = allocateBuffers(pool, static_cast<uint32_t>(frames));
+}
+
+std::optional<VkResult> vlkx::RenderCommand::execute(int frame, const VkSwapchainKHR &swapchain,
+                                                     const vlkx::RenderCommand::Update &update,
+                                                     const vlkx::RenderCommand::Command &cmd) {
+
+    const VkDevice& logical = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical;
+
+    vkWaitForFences(logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE,
+                    std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()
+    );
+
+    if (update != nullptr)
+        update(frame);
+
+    uint32_t nextFrame;
+    // Prepare for a new frame to start
+    const auto result = parseResult(vkAcquireNextImageKHR(logical, swapchain,
+                          std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), newImageSem, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &nextFrame
+    ));
+
+    if (result.has_value())
+        return result;
+
+    recordCommands(commands[imageIndex], VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT, [&cmd, nextFrame](const VkCommandBuffer& buffer) {
+        cmd(buffer, nextFrame);
+    });
+
+    constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags stage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+    const VkSubmitInfo submit {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+        nullptr, 1, &newImageSem, &stage, 1, &commands[imageIndex], 1, &renderDoneSem
+    };
+
+    vkResetFences(logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex]);
+
+    if (VkResult res = vkQueueSubmit(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, 1, &submit, inFlight[imageIndex]); res != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to submit commands: " + std::to_string(res));
+
+    const VkPresentInfoKHR present {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
+        nullptr, 1, &renderDoneSem, 1, &swapchain, &nextFrame, nullptr
+    };
+
+    return parseResult(vkQueuePresentKHR(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->presentationQueue, &present));
+}
+
+
+std::optional<VkResult> vlkx::RenderCommand::executeSimple(int frame,
+                                                     const vlkx::RenderCommand::Update &update,
+                                                     const vlkx::RenderCommand::Command &cmd) {
+    if (update != nullptr)
+        update(frame);
+
+    const VkDevice& logical = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical;
+
+    vkWaitForFences(logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE,
+                    std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()
+    );
+
+    recordCommands(commands[imageIndex], VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT, [&cmd](const VkCommandBuffer& buffer) {
+        cmd(buffer, 0);
+    });
+
+    vkResetFences(logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex]);
+
+    constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags stage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+    const VkSubmitInfo submit {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+            nullptr, 0, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &stage, 1, &commands[imageIndex], 0, VK_NULL_HANDLE
+    };
+
+    return std::make_optional(vkQueueSubmit(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, 1, &submit, inFlight[imageIndex]));
+}
+

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/abstraction/Descriptor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Descriptor.h"
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+
+using namespace vlkx;
+// Returns 'pointer', assuming 'ExpectedType' and 'ActualType' are the same.
+template <typename ExpectedType, typename ActualType>
+inline const ExpectedType* getPtr(const ActualType* pointer, std::true_type) {
+    return pointer;
+}
+
+// Returns nullptr, assuming 'ExpectedType' and 'ActualType' are different.
+template <typename ExpectedType, typename ActualType>
+inline const ExpectedType* getPtr(const ActualType* pointer, std::false_type) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename ExpectedType, typename ValueType>
+const ExpectedType* getPointer(const std::vector<ValueType>& container) {
+    return getPtr<ExpectedType, ValueType>(container.data(), std::is_same<ExpectedType, ValueType>());
+}
+
+
+VkDescriptorPool createPool(std::vector<Descriptor::Meta> metas) {
+    std::map<VkDescriptorType, uint32_t> sizes;
+    for (const auto& meta : metas) {
+        uint32_t length = 0;
+        for (const auto& binding : meta.bindings)
+            length += binding.length;
+        sizes[meta.type] += length;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes;
+    for (const auto& pair : sizes)
+        poolSizes.push_back({ pair.first, pair.second });
+
+    const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo create {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+        nullptr, 0,
+        1, static_cast<uint32_t>(poolSizes.size()), poolSizes.data()
+    };
+
+    VkDescriptorPool pool;
+    if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &create, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor Pool");
+
+    return pool;
+}
+
+VkDescriptorSetLayout createLayout(std::vector<Descriptor::Meta> metas, bool dynamic) {
+    size_t bindings = 0;
+    for (const auto& meta : metas)
+        bindings += meta.bindings.size();
+
+    std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> layoutBindings;
+    layoutBindings.reserve(bindings);
+    for (const auto& meta : metas)
+        for (const auto& binding : meta.bindings)
+            layoutBindings.push_back({ binding.bindPoint, meta.type, binding.length, meta.stage, nullptr });
+
+    const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo create {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+        nullptr, static_cast<VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags>(dynamic ? VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_BIT_KHR : 0),
+        static_cast<uint32_t>(layoutBindings.size()), layoutBindings.data()
+    };
+
+    VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
+    if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &create, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor Set Layout");
+
+    return layout;
+}
+
+VkDescriptorSet allocateSet(const VkDescriptorPool& pool, const VkDescriptorSetLayout& layout) {
+    const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocate {
+        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        nullptr, pool, 1, &layout
+    };
+
+    VkDescriptorSet set;
+    if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &allocate, &set) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate descriptor set");
+
+    return set;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> createWrites(const VkDescriptorSet& set, VkDescriptorType type, const std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<Type>>& map) {
+
+    std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> sets;
+    sets.reserve(map.size());
+
+    for (const auto& pair : map) {
+        const auto& info = pair.second;
+        sets.push_back(VkWriteDescriptorSet {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+            nullptr, set, pair.first, 0,
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(info.size()), type,
+            getPointer<VkDescriptorImageInfo>(info),
+            getPointer<VkDescriptorBufferInfo>(info),
+            getPointer<VkBufferView>(info)
+        });
+    }
+
+    return sets;
+}
+
+StaticDescriptor::StaticDescriptor(std::vector<Meta> metas) : Descriptor() {
+    pool = createPool(metas);
+    const auto layout = createLayout(metas, false);
+    setLayout(layout);
+    set = allocateSet(pool, layout);
+}
+
+const StaticDescriptor& StaticDescriptor::buffers(VkDescriptorType type, const BufferInfos &infos) const {
+    return updateSet(createWrites(set, type, infos));
+}
+
+const StaticDescriptor& StaticDescriptor::images(VkDescriptorType type, const ImageInfos &infos) const {
+    return updateSet(createWrites(set, type, infos));
+}
+
+const StaticDescriptor& StaticDescriptor::updateSet(const std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> &write) const {
+    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, write.size(), write.data(), 0, nullptr);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+void StaticDescriptor::bind(const VkCommandBuffer &commands, const VkPipelineLayout &layout,
+                            VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint) const {
+    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commands, bindPoint, layout, 0, 1, &set, 0, nullptr);
+}
+

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/abstraction/Image.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Image.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <utility>
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
+#include "shadow/util/File.h"
+
+namespace vlkx {
+    struct ImageConfig {
+        explicit ImageConfig(bool readable = false) {
+            if (readable) {
+                tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR;
+                layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED;
+            } else {
+                tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+                layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        uint32_t mipping = 1;
+        uint32_t layers = 1;
+        VkSampleCountFlagBits samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+        VkImageTiling tiling;
+        VkImageLayout layout;
+    };
+
+    struct ImageData {
+        ImageDescriptor::Dimension dimensions;
+        const char* data;
+    };
+
+    ImageData loadImage(const std::string& path, int wantedChannels) {
+        shadowutil::FileData* data = shadowutil::loadFile(path);
+        int width, height, channels;
+
+        stbi_uc* stbData = stbi_load_from_memory(reinterpret_cast<const stbi_uc *>(data->data.data()), data->size, &width, &height, &channels, wantedChannels);
+        if (stbData == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to read image file " + std::string(path));
+
+        switch (channels) {
+            case 1:
+            case 4:
+                break;
+
+            case 3: {
+                stbi_image_free(stbData);
+                stbData = stbi_load_from_memory(reinterpret_cast<const stbi_uc *>(data->data.data()), data->size, &width, &height, &channels, STBI_rgb_alpha);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error("Trying to load image with unsupported number of channels: " + std::to_string(channels));
+        }
+
+        return {{ static_cast<uint32_t>(width), static_cast<uint32_t>(height), static_cast<uint32_t>(channels) },reinterpret_cast<const char *>(stbData) };
+    }
+
+    std::optional<VkFormat> findFormatWith(const std::vector<VkFormat>& formats, VkFormatFeatureFlags feature) {
+        for (const auto format : formats) {
+            VkFormatProperties props;
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical, format, &props);
+            if ((props.optimalTilingFeatures & feature) == feature) return format;
+        }
+
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    VkFormat findFormatForChannels(int channels, const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages, bool highPrecision = false) {
+        switch (channels) {
+            case 1: {
+                VkFormat best, alternative;
+                if (highPrecision) {
+                    best = VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT;
+                    alternative = VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
+                } else {
+                    best = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
+                    alternative = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+                }
+
+                if (findFormatWith({ best }, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT).has_value())
+                    return best;
+                else
+                    return alternative;
+            }
+
+            case 4:
+                if (highPrecision)
+                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
+                else
+                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to find format for invalid channels (RGB images have 4 channels!)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    VkFormat findFormatForDepthStencil() {
+        const auto format = findFormatWith({ VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT, VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT }, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
+        if (!format.has_value())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to find a format for a depth stencil image.");
+        return format.value();
+    }
+
+    VkSampleCountFlagBits getMaxSamples(VkSampleCountFlags samples) {
+        for (const auto count : { VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT }) {
+            if (samples & count)
+                return count;
+        }
+
+        throw std::runtime_error("Multisampling isn't supported?");
+    }
+
+    Buffer::Buffer() {
+    }
+
+    ImageDescriptor Image::loadCubeFromDisk(const std::string& directory, const std::array<std::string, 6> &files,
+                                            bool flipY) {
+        stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(flipY);
+        auto firstImage = loadImage(directory + "/" + files[0], STBI_default);
+        const ImageDescriptor::Dimension& dim = firstImage.dimensions;
+        char* data = new char[dim.getSize() * 6]; // TODO: Figure out how to make this delete
+        memcpy(data, firstImage.data, dim.getSize());
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
+            auto image = loadImage(directory + "/" + files[1], STBI_default);
+            if (!(image.dimensions.width == dim.width && image.dimensions.height == dim.height && image.dimensions.channels == dim.channels))
+                throw std::runtime_error("Image " + std::to_string(i) + "(" + directory + "/" + files[i] + ") has different dimensions from the first image.");
+
+            memcpy(data + i * dim.getSize(), image.data, dim.getSize());
+        }
+
+        stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(false);
+        return { ImageDescriptor::Type::Cubemap, firstImage.dimensions, data };
+    }
+
+    ImageDescriptor Image::loadSingleFromDisk(std::string path, bool flipY) {
+        stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(flipY);
+        auto image = loadImage(std::move(path), STBI_default);
+        stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(false);
+
+        return { ImageDescriptor::Type::Single, image.dimensions, image.data };
+    }
+
+    TextureImage::Meta createTextureMeta(const ImageDescriptor& image, const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages) {
+        return TextureImage::Meta {
+                image.getData(), usages,
+                findFormatForChannels(image.getChannels(), usages),
+                image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), image.getChannels(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    VkTools::ManagedImage createImage(const ImageConfig& config, VkImageCreateFlags flags, VkFormat format, const VkExtent3D& extent, VkImageUsageFlags usage) {
+        const auto device = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice();
+
+        uint32_t graphicsQueue = (uint32_t) device->getQueues().graphics;
+        VkImageCreateInfo info {
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO, nullptr,
+            flags, VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D, format,
+            extent, config.mipping, config.layers, config.samples, config.tiling,
+            usage, VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+            1, &graphicsQueue, config.layout
+        };
+
+        // Prepare the managed image
+        VkTools::ManagedImage image {};
+
+        // Set up image allocation
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocateInfo = {};
+        allocateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
+
+        // Allocate + create the image
+        vmaCreateImage(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getAllocator(), &info, &allocateInfo, &image.image, &image.allocation, nullptr);
+
+        return image;
+    }
+
+    void waitForBarrier(const VkCommandBuffer& commands, const VkImageMemoryBarrier& barrier, const std::array<VkPipelineStageFlags, 2>& stages) {
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commands, stages[0], stages[1], 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);
+    }
+
+    void transitionImage(const VkImage& image, const ImageConfig& config, VkImageAspectFlags aspect, const std::array<VkImageLayout, 2>& layouts, const std::array<VkAccessFlags, 2>& access, const std::array<VkPipelineStageFlags, 2>& stages) {
+        VkTools::immediateExecute([&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+            waitForBarrier(commands,
+                           {
+                                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                                nullptr,
+                                access[0], access[1],
+                                layouts[0], layouts[1],
+                                VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED, VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                                image,
+                                { aspect, 0, config.mipping, 0, config.layers }
+                           }, stages);
+        }, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice());
+    }
+
+    inline VkOffset3D convertExtent(const VkExtent2D& extent) {
+        return VkOffset3D { static_cast<int32_t>(extent.width), static_cast<int32_t>(extent.height), 1 };
+    }
+
+    inline VkExtent3D expandExtent(const VkExtent2D& extent) {
+        return VkExtent3D { extent.width, extent.height, 1 };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VkExtent2D> getExtentForMipmaps(const VkExtent3D& extent) {
+        const int largest = std::max(extent.width, extent.height);
+        const int mipping = std::floor(std::log2(largest));
+        std::vector<VkExtent2D> extents(mipping);
+        VkExtent2D imageExt { extent.width, extent.height };
+        for (size_t level = 0; level < mipping; ++level) {
+            imageExt.width = imageExt.width > 1 ? imageExt.width / 2 : 1;
+            imageExt.height = imageExt.height > 1 ? imageExt.height / 2 : 1;
+            extents[level] = imageExt;
+        }
+
+        return extents;
+    }
+
+    void generateMipmaps(const VkImage& image, VkFormat format, const VkExtent3D& extent, const std::vector<VkExtent2D>& mipExtents) {
+        VkFormatProperties props;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical, format, &props);
+        if (!(props.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT))
+            throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to create Mipmaps for an image format that does not support blitting");
+
+        uint32_t destLevel = 1;
+        VkExtent2D previousExt { extent.width, extent.height };
+
+        VkTools::immediateExecute([&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+            // Blit the new images into place
+            for (const auto &ext : mipExtents) {
+                const uint32_t sourceLevel = destLevel - 1;
+                VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier {
+                    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                    nullptr, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
+                    VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
+                    0, 0, image, { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, sourceLevel, 1, 0, 1 }
+                };
+
+                waitForBarrier(commands, barrier, {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT});
+
+                const VkImageBlit blit {
+                        {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, sourceLevel, 0, 1},
+                        {{0, 0, 0},                 convertExtent(previousExt)},
+                        {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, destLevel,   0, 1},
+                        {{0, 0, 0},                 convertExtent(ext)}
+                };
+                vkCmdBlitImage(commands, image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, image,
+                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &blit, VK_FILTER_LINEAR);
+
+                ++destLevel;
+                previousExt = ext;
+            }
+        }, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice());
+
+        VkTools::immediateExecute([&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+            // Convert all images to shader read only so we can sample them
+            for (uint32_t level = 0; level < mipExtents.size() + 1; ++level) {
+                VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier {
+                        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                        nullptr, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
+                        level == mipExtents.size() ? VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL : VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
+                        0, 0, image, { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, level, 1, 0, 1 }
+                };
+
+                waitForBarrier(commands, barrier, { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT });
+            }
+        }, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice());
+    }
+
+    Image::Image(const VkExtent2D &ext, VkFormat form) : extent(ext), format(form) {
+        dev = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice();
+    }
+
+    void ImageStagingBuffer::copy(const VkImage &target, const VkExtent3D &extent, uint32_t layers) const {
+        VkTools::immediateExecute([&](const VkCommandBuffer& commands) {
+            const VkBufferImageCopy copyData { 0, 0, 0, { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, layers }, { 0, 0, 0 }, extent };
+            vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commands, getBuffer(), target, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &copyData);
+        }, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice());
+    }
+
+    ImageSampler::ImageSampler(int mipLevels, const vlkx::ImageSampler::Config &config)
+        : sampler(VkTools::createSampler(config.filter, config.mode, mipLevels, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical)) {
+        dev = VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice();
+    }
+
+    Buffer::BulkCopyMeta TextureImage::Meta::getCopyMeta() const {
+        const VkDeviceSize singleSize = width * height * channels;
+        const VkDeviceSize totalSize = singleSize * data.size();
+        std::vector<Buffer::CopyMeta> copy(data.size());
+
+        // If we're making a framebuffer, we have no data to copy in.
+        if (data[0] == nullptr)
+            return { totalSize, {} };
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < copy.size(); ++i) {
+            copy[i] = { data[i], singleSize, singleSize * i };
+        }
+
+        return { totalSize, std::move(copy) };
+    }
+
+    TextureImage::TextureImage(bool mipmapping, const ImageSampler::Config &samplerConfig, const vlkx::TextureImage::Meta &meta)
+        : Image(meta.getExtent(), meta.format), buffer(mipmapping, meta), sampler(buffer.getMipping(), samplerConfig) {
+
+        setView(VkTools::createImageView(buffer.getImage(), format, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, buffer.getMipping(), meta.data.size(), VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical));
+    }
+
+    TextureImage::TextureImage(bool mipmapping, const ImageDescriptor &image, const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages, const ImageSampler::Config &config)
+        : TextureImage(mipmapping, config, createTextureMeta(image, usages))
+    {}
+
+    TextureImage::TextureBuffer::TextureBuffer(bool mipmaps, const vlkx::TextureImage::Meta &meta) : ImageBuffer() {
+        const VkExtent3D extent = expandExtent(meta.getExtent());
+        const auto layers = meta.data.size();
+        if (layers != 1 && layers != 6)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Attempting to allocate a texture buffer for an invalid number of textures; only single textures and cubemap textures are supported.");
+
+        ImageConfig config;
+        config.layers = meta.data.size();
+
+        std::vector<VkExtent2D> mipExtents;
+        if (mipmaps) {
+            mipExtents = getExtentForMipmaps(extent);
+            mipLevels = mipExtents.size() + 1;
+        }
+
+        config.mipping = mipLevels;
+
+        VkImageCreateFlags createFlags {};
+        if (layers == 6)
+            createFlags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
+
+        auto usage = ImageUsage::getFlagsForUsage(meta.usages);
+        usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
+        usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+        if (mipmaps) usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+
+        setImage(createImage(config, createFlags, meta.format, extent, usage));
+
+        transitionImage(getImage(), config, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, { VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL },  { 0, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT }, { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT });
+
+        const ImageStagingBuffer staging(meta.getCopyMeta());
+        staging.copy(getImage(), extent, config.layers);
+
+        if (mipmaps) {
+            generateMipmaps(getImage(), meta.format, extent, mipExtents);
+        } else {
+            transitionImage(getImage(), config, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, { VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL }, { VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT }, { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT });
+        }
+    }
+
+    RefCountedTexture::ReferenceCounter RefCountedTexture::get(const vlkx::RefCountedTexture::ImageLocation &location, const std::vector<ImageUsage>& usages, const ImageSampler::Config &config) {
+        bool mips;
+        const std::string* ident;
+        std::unique_ptr<ImageDescriptor> image;
+
+        if (const auto* singleTex = std::get_if<std::string>(&location); singleTex != nullptr) {
+            mips = true;
+            ident = singleTex;
+            image = std::make_unique<ImageDescriptor>(Image::loadSingleFromDisk(*singleTex, false));
+        } else if (const auto* cubeTex = std::get_if<CubemapLocation>(&location); cubeTex != nullptr) {
+            mips = false;
+            ident = &cubeTex->directory;
+            image = std::make_unique<ImageDescriptor>(Image::loadCubeFromDisk(cubeTex->directory, cubeTex->files, false));
+        }
+
+        return ReferenceCounter::get(*ident, mips, config, createTextureMeta(*image, usages));
+    }
+
+    DepthStencilImage::DepthStencilImage(const VkExtent2D &extent) : Image(extent, findFormatForDepthStencil()), buffer(extent, format) {
+        setView(VkTools::createImageView(getImage(), format, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT, 1, 1, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical));
+    }
+
+    DepthStencilImage::DepthStencilBuffer::DepthStencilBuffer(const VkExtent2D &extent, VkFormat format) : ImageBuffer() {
+        setImage(createImage(ImageConfig {}, 0, format, expandExtent(extent), VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT));
+    }
+
+    SwapchainImage::SwapchainImage(const VkImage &image, const VkExtent2D &extent, VkFormat format) : Image(extent, format), image(image) {
+        setView(VkTools::createImageView(image, format, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1, 1, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical));
+        managed = { image, nullptr };
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Image> MultisampleImage::createColor(const vlkx::Image &targetImage, vlkx::MultisampleImage::Mode mode) {
+        return std::unique_ptr<Image>(new MultisampleImage(targetImage.getExtent(), targetImage.getFormat(), mode, MultisampleBuffer::Type::Color));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Image> MultisampleImage::createDepthStencilMS(const VkExtent2D &extent, vlkx::MultisampleImage::Mode mode) {
+        return std::unique_ptr<Image>(new MultisampleImage(extent, findFormatForDepthStencil(), mode, MultisampleBuffer::Type::DepthStencil));
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Image> MultisampleImage::createDepthStencil(VkExtent2D &extent, std::optional<Mode> mode) {
+        if (mode.has_value())
+            return createDepthStencilMS(extent, mode.value());
+        else
+            return std::make_unique<DepthStencilImage>(extent);
+    }
+
+    MultisampleImage::MultisampleImage(const VkExtent2D &extent, VkFormat format, vlkx::MultisampleImage::Mode mode,MultisampleBuffer::Type type)
+        : Image(extent, format), samples(chooseSamples(mode)), buffer(type, extent, format, samples) {
+
+        VkImageAspectFlags aspect;
+        switch (type) {
+            case MultisampleBuffer::Type::Color: aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT; break;
+            case MultisampleBuffer::Type::DepthStencil: aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT; break;
+        }
+        setView(VkTools::createImageView(buffer.getImage(), format, aspect, 1, 1, VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical));
+    }
+
+    VkSampleCountFlagBits MultisampleImage::chooseSamples(vlkx::MultisampleImage::Mode mode) {
+        VkPhysicalDeviceLimits limits;
+        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(VulkanModule::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical, &props);
+        limits = props.limits;
+
+        const VkSampleCountFlags sampleFlags = std::min({ limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts, limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts, limits.framebufferStencilSampleCounts });
+        const VkSampleCountFlagBits maxSamples = getMaxSamples(sampleFlags);
+        switch (mode) {
+            case Mode::MostEfficient: return std::min(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT, maxSamples);
+            case Mode::Highest: return maxSamples;
+        }
+    }
+
+    MultisampleImage::MultisampleBuffer::MultisampleBuffer(vlkx::MultisampleImage::MultisampleBuffer::Type type, const VkExtent2D &extent, VkFormat format, VkSampleCountFlagBits samples)
+        : ImageBuffer() {
+
+        VkImageUsageFlags usageFlags;
+        switch (type) {
+            case Type::Color: usageFlags = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT; break;
+            case Type::DepthStencil: usageFlags = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT; break;
+        }
+
+        ImageConfig config;
+        config.samples = samples;
+
+        setImage(createImage(config, 0, format, expandExtent(extent), usageFlags));
+
+    }
+
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-utility/inc/shadow/util/File.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+namespace shadowutil {
+
+    struct FileData {
+        size_t size;
+        std::vector<char> data;
+    };
+
+    // A testing stub; this should be deleted and wired into the asset system once that becomes ready.
+    FileData* loadFile(std::string path);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-utility/inc/shadow/util/RefCounter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace shadowutil {
+
+    // An object wrapper that behaves like smart pointers.
+    // References to this object are counted, and the object will be destructed when there are no references.
+    // This allows for automatic, safe and leak-free handling of all kinds of resources.
+    // The AutoRelease behaviour can be adjusted.
+    template <typename ObjectType>
+    class RefCounter {
+    public:
+
+        // Preserves ObjectType instances in the current scope.
+        // Use like lock_guard; RAII allows precise scoping rules.
+        class AutoRelease {
+        public:
+            explicit AutoRelease() { RefCounter<ObjectType>::registerAutoRelease(); }
+
+            AutoRelease(const AutoRelease&) = delete;
+            AutoRelease& operator=(const AutoRelease&) = delete;
+
+            ~AutoRelease() { RefCounter<ObjectType>::unregisterAutoRelease(); }
+
+            // AutoRelease can only exist on the stack.
+            void* operator new(size_t) = delete;
+            void* operator new[](size_t) = delete;
+        };
+
+        // Use to access a ref counted object.
+        // If exists, the object will be passed and reference counter increased.
+        // Otherwise, args will be used to create.
+        template<typename... Args>
+        static RefCounter get(const std::string& identifier, Args&&... args) {
+            auto iter = getMap().find(identifier);
+            if (iter == getMap().end()) {
+                const auto inserted = getMap().insert(
+                    {
+                        identifier,
+                        typename ObjectPool::CountedObject {
+                            std::make_unique<ObjectType>(std::forward<Args>(args)...), 0
+                        }
+                    }
+                );
+                iter = inserted.first;
+            }
+
+            auto& object = iter->second;
+            ++object.references;
+            return RefCounter { identifier, object.obj.get() };
+        }
+
+        RefCounter(RefCounter&& other) noexcept {
+            identifier = std::move(other.identifier);
+            objectPtr = other.objectPtr;
+            other.identifier.clear();
+        }
+
+        RefCounter& operator=(RefCounter&& other) noexcept {
+            std::swap(identifier, other.identifier);
+            std::swap(objectPtr, other.objectPtr);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        // When we reach 0 references and there's no auto release system set up, destroy the object.
+        ~RefCounter() {
+            if (identifier.empty()) return;
+
+            const auto iter = getMap().find(identifier);
+            if (--iter->second.references == 0 && objectPool.activePools == 0)
+                getMap().erase(iter);
+        }
+
+        // Smart pointer emulation overloads.
+        const ObjectType* operator->() const { return objectPtr; }
+        const ObjectType& operator*() const { return *objectPtr; }
+
+        static bool hasAutoRelease() { return objectPool.activePools != 0; }
+
+    private:
+        // The object pool that handles managing and counting objects.
+        struct ObjectPool {
+            struct CountedObject {
+                std::unique_ptr<ObjectType> obj;
+                size_t references;
+            };
+
+            using RefCountMap = std::map<std::string, CountedObject>;
+
+            RefCountMap refCountMap;
+            size_t activePools = 0;
+        };
+
+        RefCounter(std::string identifier, const ObjectType* obj) : identifier(std::move(identifier)), objectPtr(obj) {}
+
+        static void unregisterAutoRelease() {
+            if (--objectPool.activePools == 0) {
+                using CountedObject = typename ObjectPool::CountedObject;
+                static const auto removeZeroRef = [](const std::pair<const std::string, CountedObject> &pair) {
+                    return pair.second.references == 0;
+                };
+                std::erase_if(getMap(), removeZeroRef);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void registerAutoRelease() { ++objectPool.activePools; }
+
+        static typename ObjectPool::RefCountMap& getMap() { return objectPool.refCountMap; }
+
+        static ObjectPool objectPool;
+
+        std::string identifier;
+        const ObjectType* objectPtr;
+    };
+
+    template <typename ObjectType>
+    typename RefCounter<ObjectType>::ObjectPool RefCounter<ObjectType>::objectPool {};
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-utility/src/File.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <shadow/util/File.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <fstream>
+namespace shadowutil {
+    FileData* loadFile(std::string path) {
+        // Verify the file
+        std::ifstream file(path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+
+        if (!file.is_open())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to open specified file: " + std::string(path));
+
+        auto* data = new FileData {};
+
+        // Read the file's size (opened with At The End, so just tellg the size)
+        size_t size = file.tellg();
+        data->data.resize(size);
+        data->size = size;
+        // Go to the front of the file
+        file.seekg(0);
+        // Read the file into the buffer
+        file.read(data->data.data(), size);
+        file.close();
+
+        return data;
+    }
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/shadow-utility/src/string-helpers.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-#include "string-helpers.h"
+#include "../inc/string-helpers.h"
 
 std::vector<std::string> explode(const std::string& s, const char& c)
 {

projs/shadow/shadow-runtime/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ add_executable(shadow-runtime ${SOURCES})
 target_include_directories(shadow-runtime PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 target_link_libraries(shadow-runtime PRIVATE SDL2::SDL2main PUBLIC shadow-engine)
 
-
 add_custom_command(TARGET shadow-runtime POST_BUILD
         COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:shadow-runtime> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:shadow-runtime>
         COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS

projs/test-game/inc/GameModule.h

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@ public:
 
     void Init() override;
 
-    void Update() override;
+    void Update(int frame) override;
 
     void PreRender() override;
 
-    void Render() override;
+    void Recreate() override;
 
-    void LateRender() override;
+    void OverlayRender() override;
+
+    void Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override;
+
+    void LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) override;
 
     void AfterFrameEnd() override;
 

projs/test-game/src/GameModule.cpp

@@ -1,171 +1,92 @@
 #include <GameModule.h>
 #include "imgui.h"
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
-#include "vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h"
 #include "imgui_impl_vulkan.h"
-#include "core/ShadowApplication.h"
-#include "core/SDL2Module.h"
 #include "imgui_impl_sdl.h"
 #include "core/Time.h"
-
+#include "vlkx/render/Camera.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/abstraction/Buffer.h"
+#include "vlkx/render/render_pass/ScreenRenderPass.h"
+#include "temp/model/Builder.h"
+#include "core/ModuleManager.h"
 
 #define CATCH(x) \
     try { x } catch (std::exception& e) { spdlog::error(e.what()); exit(0); }
 
-// Create the renderer
-SingleRenderer object;
-
-// Create the camera
-Camera camera;
-
 SHObject_Base_Impl(GameModule)
 
-void GameModule::PreInit() { spdlog::info("Game Module loading.."); }
+struct Transformation {
+    alignas(sizeof(glm::mat4)) glm::mat4 proj_view_model;
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<vlkx::PushConstant> trans_constant_;
+std::unique_ptr<vlkxtemp::Model> cube_model_;
+float aspectRatio;
+
+void GameModule::PreInit() {  }
 
 void GameModule::Init() {
+    spdlog::info("Game Module loading level..");
+    trans_constant_ = std::make_unique<vlkx::PushConstant>(
+            sizeof(Transformation), 2);
 
-    auto shApp = ShadowEngine::ShadowApplication::Get();
+    auto extent = ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::getInstance()->renderer->GetRenderExtent();
+    aspectRatio = (float) extent.width / extent.height;
 
-    ShadowEngine::ModuleManager &moduleManager = shApp.GetModuleManager();
+    /* Model */
+    cube_model_ = vlkxtemp::ModelBuilder {
+            "Walrus", 2, aspectRatio,
+            vlkxtemp::ModelBuilder::SingleMeshModel {"resources/walrus/walrus.obj", 1,
+                         {{ vlkxtemp::ModelBuilder::TextureType::Diffuse, { { "resources/walrus/texture.png" } } } }
+            }}
+            .bindTextures(vlkxtemp::ModelBuilder::TextureType::Diffuse, 1)
+            .pushStage(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT)
+            .pushConstant(trans_constant_.get(), 0)
+            .shader(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, "resources/walrus/cube.vert.spv")
+            .shader(VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, "resources/walrus/cube.frag.spv")
+            .build();
 
-    auto sdl2module = moduleManager.GetModuleByType<ShadowEngine::SDL2Module>();
+    Recreate();
-    
-    CATCH(VulkanManager::getInstance()->initVulkan(sdl2module->_window->sdlWindowPtr);)
-
-    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
-    ImGui::CreateContext();
-    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO(); (void)io;
-    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable;           // Enable Docking
-    io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable;         // Enable Multi-Viewport / Platform Windows
-
-    // Setup Dear ImGui style
-    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
-    VkDescriptorPool imGuiPool;
-    VulkanManager* vk = VulkanManager::getInstance();
-    VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[] =
-            {
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 1000 },
-                    { VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, 1000 }
-            };
-
-    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {};
-    pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-    pool_info.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT;
-    pool_info.maxSets = 1000 * IM_ARRAYSIZE(pool_sizes);
-    pool_info.poolSizeCount = (uint32_t)IM_ARRAYSIZE(pool_sizes);
-    pool_info.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;
-    vkCreateDescriptorPool(vk->getDevice()->logical, &pool_info, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imGuiPool);
-
-    // Setup Platform/Renderer backends
-    ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForVulkan(sdl2module->_window->sdlWindowPtr);
-    ImGui_ImplVulkan_InitInfo init_info = {};
-    init_info.Instance = vk->getVulkan();
-    init_info.PhysicalDevice = vk->getDevice()->physical;
-    init_info.Device = vk->getDevice()->logical;
-    init_info.QueueFamily = vk->getDevice()->queueData.graphics;
-    init_info.Queue = vk->getDevice()->graphicsQueue;
-    init_info.PipelineCache = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    init_info.DescriptorPool = imGuiPool;
-    init_info.Subpass = 0;
-    init_info.MinImageCount = vk->getSwapchain()->images.size();
-    init_info.ImageCount = vk->getSwapchain()->images.size();
-    init_info.MSAASamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-    init_info.Allocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    init_info.CheckVkResultFn = nullptr;
-    ImGui_ImplVulkan_Init(&init_info, vk->getRenderPass()->pass);
-
-    // Upload Fonts
-    {
-        // Prepare to create a temporary command pool.
-        VkCommandPool pool;
-        VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
-        poolCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-        poolCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = vk->getDevice()->queueData.graphics;
-        poolCreateInfo.flags = 0;
-
-        // Create the pool
-        if (vkCreateCommandPool(vk->getDevice()->logical, &poolCreateInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate a temporary command pool");
-
-        VkCommandBuffer buffer = VkTools::createTempCommandBuffer(pool, vk->getDevice()->logical);
-
-        ImGui_ImplVulkan_CreateFontsTexture(buffer);
-
-        VkSubmitInfo end_info = {};
-        end_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
-        end_info.commandBufferCount = 1;
-        end_info.pCommandBuffers = &buffer;
-
-        VkTools::executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(buffer, pool, vk->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, vk->getDevice()->logical);
-
-        ImGui_ImplVulkan_DestroyFontUploadObjects();
-    }
-
-    CATCH(object.createSingleRenderer(Geo::MeshType::Cube, glm::vec3(-1, 0, -1), glm::vec3(0.5));)
-    camera.init(45, 1280, 720, 0.1, 10000);
-    camera.setPosition(glm::vec3(0, 0, 4));
 }
 
-void GameModule::Update() {
+void GameModule::Recreate() {
-    object.setRotation(glm::rotate(object.getRotation(), (float) 0.5, glm::vec3(1, 0, 0)));
+    auto extent = ShadowEngine::ModuleManager::getInstance()->renderer->GetRenderExtent();
+    cube_model_->update(true, extent, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, *VulkanModule::getInstance()->getRenderPass()->getPass(), 0);
 }
 
-void GameModule::PreRender() {
+void GameModule::Update(int frame) {
-    ImGui_ImplVulkan_NewFrame();
+    const float elapsed_time = Time::timeSinceStart;
-    ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
+    const glm::mat4 model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4{1.0f},
-    ImGui::NewFrame();
+                                        (elapsed_time / 1000 / 2) * glm::radians(90.0f),
+                                        glm::vec3{1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f});
+    const glm::mat4 view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3{3.0f}, glm::vec3{0.0f},
+                                       glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f});
+    const glm::mat4 proj = glm::perspective(
+            glm::radians(45.0f), aspectRatio,
+            0.1f, 100.0f);
+    *trans_constant_->getData<Transformation>(frame) = {proj * view * model};
 }
 
-void GameModule::Render() {
+void GameModule::Render(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) {
+    cube_model_->draw(commands, frame, 1);
+}
+
+void GameModule::OverlayRender() {
     bool active = true;
-    ImGui::Begin("Game module window", &active, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar);
+    if (ImGui::Begin("Game module window", &active, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
-
+        ImGui::Text("Such text from curle's branch");
-    ImGui::Text("Such teext from curle's branch");
-
     ImGui::End();
 
-    CATCH(object.updateUniforms(camera);)
+    bool open = false;
-    CATCH(object.draw();)
+    ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&open);
-
-    bool showDemo = true;
-    if (showDemo)
-        ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&showDemo);
-
-}
-
-void GameModule::LateRender() {
-    ImGui::Render();
-    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO(); (void)io;
-
-    ImGui_ImplVulkan_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), VulkanManager::getInstance()->getCurrentCommandBuffer());
-
-    // Update and Render additional Platform Windows
-    if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
-    {
-        ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows();
-        ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault();
-    }
 }
 
 void GameModule::AfterFrameEnd() {
     Time::UpdateTime();
 }
 
-void GameModule::Destroy() {
+void GameModule::LateRender(VkCommandBuffer& commands, int frame) {}
-    ImGui_ImplVulkan_Shutdown();
+void GameModule::PreRender() {}
-    ImGui_ImplSDL2_Shutdown();
-    ImGui::DestroyContext();
-}
 
-void GameModule::Event(SDL_Event *) {
+void GameModule::Destroy() {}
-
+void GameModule::Event(SDL_Event *) {}
-}

projs/test-game/src/entry.cpp

@@ -7,19 +7,8 @@
 #include "core/ShadowApplication.h"
 #include "GameModule.h"
 #include "core/ShadowApplication.h"
-#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h"
+#include "vlkx/vulkan/VulkanModule.h"
 
 extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void shadow_main(ShadowEngine::ShadowApplication* app) {
-
-    std::cout << "HIIII from a loaded dll weeeeeee!!!" << std::endl;
-
     app->GetModuleManager().PushModule(std::make_shared<GameModule>(), "game");
-
-    if(app == &ShadowEngine::ShadowApplication::Get()){
-        std::cout << "They are the same!!!" << std::endl;
-    }
-
-    printf("dll side: %p \n", VulkanManager::getInstance());
-    printf("dll next ID: %llu \n", ShadowEngine::SHObject::GenerateId());
-
 }

resources/planets/skybox.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#version 460 core
+
+layout(binding = 1) uniform samplerCube tex;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 tex_coord;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;
+
+void main() {
+    frag_color = texture(tex, tex_coord);
+}

resources/planets/skybox.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(std140, push_constant) uniform Transform {
+    mat4 matrix;
+} transf;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_pos;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 in_normal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_uv;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec3 texCoord;
+
+void main() {
+
+    gl_Position = transf.matrix * vec4(in_pos, 1.0);
+    gl_Position.zw = vec2(1.0);
+    texCoord = in_pos;
+}

resources/tri/tri.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform Alpha {
+    float value;
+} alpha;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 color;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;
+
+void main() {
+    frag_color = vec4(color, alpha.value);
+}

resources/tri/tri.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_pos;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 in_color;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec3 color;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(in_pos, 1.0);
+    color = in_color;
+}

resources/walrus/cube.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(binding = 1) uniform sampler2D tex;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 tex_coord;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;
+
+void main() {
+    frag_color = texture(tex, tex_coord);
+}

resources/walrus/cube.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(std140, push_constant) uniform Transform {
+    mat4 matrix;
+} transf;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_pos;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 in_normal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_uv;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 texCoord;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = transf.matrix * vec4(in_pos, 1.0);
+    texCoord = in_uv;
+}

vlkx-resources/pkg/index.vxi

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+01.vxp