Implement a Vulkan Renderer module (#2)

* Starting work on the Vlkx renderer

* Fix renderer implementation

* Move GLM to FetchContent

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -19,6 +19,20 @@ FetchContent_Declare(
 
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(Catch2)
 
+# Fetch GLM for the renderer
+FetchContent_Declare(
+        glm
+        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/g-truc/glm.git
+        GIT_TAG		   0.9.9.2
+)
+
+FetchContent_GetProperties(glm)
+if(NOT glm_POPULATED)
+    FetchContent_Populate(glm)
+    set(GLM_TEST_ENABLE OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+    add_subdirectory(${glm_SOURCE_DIR} ${glm_BINARY_DIR})
+endif()
+
 # Import some find files
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake")
 
@@ -36,5 +50,8 @@ add_subdirectory(projs/shadow/shadow-reflection)
 # Core engine
 add_subdirectory(projs/shadow/shadow-engine)
 
+# Renderer
+add_subdirectory(projs/shadow/shadow-renderer)
+
 # Runtime executable
 add_subdirectory(projs/shadow/shadow-runtime)

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ FILE(GLOB_RECURSE HEADERS src/*.h)
 add_library(shadow-engine ${SOURCES})
 
 target_include_directories(shadow-engine PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS} PUBLIC ${HEADERS})
-target_link_libraries(shadow-engine PRIVATE Vulkan::Vulkan PUBLIC SDL2::Core shadow-reflect shadow-asset)
+target_link_libraries(shadow-engine PRIVATE Vulkan::Vulkan PUBLIC SDL2::Core shadow-reflect shadow-asset PUBLIC renderer)

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/src/core/ShadowApplication.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #include "ShadowApplication.h"
 
 #include "Time.h"
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/Camera.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h>
 
 namespace ShadowEngine {
 
@@ -46,6 +49,8 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
 
         window_ = new ShadowWindow(800,450);
 
+        VulkanManager::getInstance()->initVulkan(window_->sdlWindowPtr);
+
         /*
 		moduleManager.PushModule(new Log());
 		moduleManager.PushModule(new EventSystem::ShadowEventManager());
@@ -70,6 +75,15 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
 
 	void ShadowApplication::Start()
 	{
+        // Create the camera
+        Camera camera {};
+        camera.init(45, 1280, 720, 0.1, 10000);
+        camera.setPosition(glm::vec3(0, 0, 4));
+
+        // Create the renderer
+        SingleRenderer object;
+        object.createSingleRenderer(Geo::MeshType::Cube, glm::vec3(-1, 0, -1), glm::vec3(0.5));
+
         SDL_Event event;
 		while (running)
 		{
@@ -78,6 +92,16 @@ namespace ShadowEngine {
                     running = false;
             }
 
+            object.setRotation(glm::rotate(object.getRotation(), (float) 0.5, glm::vec3(1, 0, 0)));
+
+            VulkanManager::getInstance()->startDraw();
+
+            object.updateUniforms(camera);
+            object.draw();
+
+            VulkanManager::getInstance()->endDraw();
+
+
             Time::UpdateTime();
 		}
 	}

projs/shadow/shadow-engine/src/core/ShadowWindow.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 ShadowWindow::ShadowWindow(int W, int H) : Height(H), Width(W)
 {
     // Create our window
-    sdlWindowPtr = SDL_CreateWindow( "Example", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, Width, Height, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN );
+    sdlWindowPtr = SDL_CreateWindow( "Candlefire", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, Width, Height, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN | SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN );
 
     // Make sure creating the window succeeded
     if ( !sdlWindowPtr ) {
@@ -12,24 +12,6 @@ ShadowWindow::ShadowWindow(int W, int H) : Height(H), Width(W)
         //std::cout << "Error creating window: " << SDL_GetError()  << std::endl;
     }
 
-    // Get the surface from the window
-    sdlSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface( sdlWindowPtr );
-
-    // Make sure getting the surface succeeded
-    if ( !sdlSurface ) {
-        //Raise an error in the log
-        //std::cout << "Error getting surface: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
-    }
-
-	// Create window
-    /*
-	this->winPtr = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, W, H,
-		SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
-	SH_CORE_ASSERT(winPtr, "Window could not be created! SDL_Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
-
-	context = ShadowEngine::Rendering::GraphicsContext::Create(this);
-	context->Init();
-     */
 }
 
 ShadowWindow::~ShadowWindow()

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
+find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED)
+
+FILE(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES src/*.cpp inc/*.h)
+
+add_library(renderer ${SOURCES})
+
+target_include_directories(renderer PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS} PUBLIC inc ${glm_SOURCE_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(renderer PRIVATE SDL2::Main Vulkan::Vulkan)

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/Camera.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define GLM_FORCE_RADIAN
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+class Camera {
+public:
+
+	// Set up the camera.
+	void init(float fov, float width, float height, float near, float far);
+
+	// Move the camera.
+	void setPosition(glm::vec3 positionIn);
+
+	glm::mat4 getViewMatrix() { return viewMatrix; };
+	glm::mat4 getProjectionMatrix() { return projectionMatrix; }
+
+private:
+	glm::mat4 projectionMatrix;
+	glm::mat4 viewMatrix;
+	glm::vec3 position;
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/Geometry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define GLM_FORCE_RADIAN
+#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+// Global namespace for all classes to do with geometry in a level.
+namespace Geo {
+
+	// The core components of a given mesh.
+	enum MeshType {
+		Triangle, // A construction of triangles
+		Quad,	  // A construction of quads
+		Cube,     // A single Cube.
+		Sphere	  // A single Sphere.
+	};
+
+	// Contains standard uniforms for shader files.
+	struct UniformBufferObject {
+		glm::mat4 model; // Model transform matrix.
+		glm::mat4 view;  // View matrix.
+		glm::mat4 proj;  // Projection matrix.
+	};
+
+	// All of the metadata involved with a vertex.
+	struct Vertex {
+		glm::vec3 position; // XYZ coordinates of the vertex's position.
+		glm::vec3 normal;   // Unit vector pointing away from the outer surface of the vertex.
+		glm::vec3 color;    // The color of the vertex.
+		glm::vec2 texture;  // The u/v coordinates of this vertex in the bound texture.
+
+		// How fast should vertex data be read from RAM?
+		static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDesc() {
+			VkVertexInputBindingDescription desc = {};
+			desc.binding = 0;
+			desc.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
+			desc.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
+
+			return desc;
+		}
+
+		// How should vertexes be handled?
+		static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 4> getAttributeDesc() {
+			std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 4> descs = {};
+
+			// Attribute 0; position. Location 0, 3x 32-bit float.
+			descs[0].binding = 0;
+			descs[0].location = 0;
+			descs[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+			descs[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, position);
+
+			// Attribute 1; normal. Location 1, 3x 32-bit float.
+			descs[1].binding = 0;
+			descs[1].location = 1;
+			descs[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+			descs[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, normal);
+
+			// Attribute 2; color. Location 2, 3x 32-bit float.
+			descs[2].binding = 0;
+			descs[2].location = 2;
+			descs[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+			descs[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
+
+			// Attribute 3; texture. Location 3, 2x 32-bit float.
+			descs[3].binding = 0;
+			descs[3].location = 3;
+			descs[3].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
+			descs[3].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texture);
+
+			return descs;
+		}
+	};
+
+	// Contains data about a given Mesh.
+	class Mesh {
+	public:
+		// Pre-load the data for a triangle into the given buffers.
+		static void setTriData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		// Pre-load the data for a quad into the given buffers.
+		static void setQuadData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		// Pre-load the data for a cube into the given buffers.
+		static void setCubeData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+		// Pre-load the data for a sphere into the given buffers.
+		static void setSphereData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices);
+	};
+
+
+}
+

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+class RenderPass {
+public:
+	RenderPass();
+	~RenderPass();
+
+	VkRenderPass pass;
+
+	void createVertexRenderPass(VkFormat format);
+	void createRTRenderPass(VkFormat format);
+	void createRTPhysicsPass(VkFormat format);
+
+	void beginRenderPass(std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues, VkCommandBuffer commands, VkFramebuffer framebuffer, VkExtent2D extent);
+	void endRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commands);
+
+	void destroy();
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/shader/GeoBuffers.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/shader/Descriptor.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/Camera.h>
+
+// Renders a single object.
+class SingleRenderer {
+public:
+
+	void createSingleRenderer(Geo::MeshType type, glm::vec3 posIn, glm::vec3 scaleIn);
+
+	void updateUniforms(Camera camera);
+
+	void draw();
+
+	void destroy();
+
+	void setPosition(glm::vec3 newPos) { position = newPos; }
+	void setRotation(glm::mat4 newRot) { rotation = newRot; }
+
+	glm::mat4 getRotation() { return rotation; }
+private:
+
+	Pipeline pipeline;
+	GeoBuffers buffers;
+	Descriptor descriptor;
+
+	glm::vec3 position;
+	glm::vec3 scale;
+	glm::mat4 rotation;
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/shader/Descriptor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+class Descriptor {
+public:
+	Descriptor();
+	~Descriptor();
+
+	// Global descriptor bindings
+	VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
+	VkDescriptorPool pool;
+	VkDescriptorSet set;
+
+	// Allocate and prepare the descriptors for a simple (uniform buffer only) descriptor.
+	void createAndAllocateSimple(uint32_t imageCount);
+
+	// Fill the Descriptors with the given uniforms
+	void populate(uint32_t imageCount, VkBuffer uniforms, size_t bufferSize);
+	void destroy();
+
+private:
+
+	// Set up the layout for a single UBO
+	void createSimpleLayout();
+	// Setup the pool for a single UBO
+	void createSimplePool(uint32_t imageCount);
+
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/shader/GeoBuffers.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+
+// Contains memory and objects required to store information about geometry.
+class GeoBuffers {
+public:
+
+	GeoBuffers();
+	~GeoBuffers();
+
+	// Program and virtual memory for vertex data.
+	std::vector<Geo::Vertex> vertices;
+	VkTools::ManagedBuffer vertexBuffer;
+
+	// Program and virtual memory for indices data.
+	std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
+    VkTools::ManagedBuffer indexBuffer;
+
+	// Virtual memory for uniforms - translation matrices, etc.
+    VkTools::ManagedBuffer uniformBuffer;
+
+	void createBuffers(Geo::MeshType type);
+
+	void destroy();
+
+private:
+
+	void createVertexBuffer();
+	void createIndexBuffer();
+	void createUniformBuffer();
+
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <fstream>
+
+class Pipeline {
+public:
+	Pipeline();
+	~Pipeline();
+
+	// The active Graphics Pipeline layout.
+	VkPipelineLayout layout;
+	// The active Graphics Pipeline instance.
+	VkPipeline pipeline;
+
+	// Create the layout and pipeline for a vertex renderer
+	void create(VkExtent2D extent, VkDescriptorSetLayout set, VkRenderPass renderPass);
+
+	void destroy();
+
+private:
+
+	std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename);
+	VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code);
+
+	void createPipelineLayout(VkDescriptorSetLayout set);
+	
+	// For rendering objects that use traditional vertex-based mesh geometry.
+	// See Geo::Vertex for the uniform bindings.
+	void createVertexPipeline(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass renderPass);
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/render/texture/RenderTexture.h

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+
+class RenderTexture {
+public:
+	// Create all image views and all framebuffers from a set of images, a format, a size, and the current rendering pass.
+	virtual void createViewsAndFramebuffer(std::vector<VkImage> images, VkFormat format, VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) = 0;
+	// Create views for swapChainImages with the given format.
+	virtual void createViews(VkFormat format) = 0;
+	// Create a framebuffer for the swapChainImages, for the given pass.
+	virtual void createFramebuffer(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) = 0;
+
+	virtual VkFramebuffer getFramebuffer(int ID) = 0;
+
+	virtual void destroy() = 0;
+};
+
+class SingleRenderTexture : public RenderTexture {
+public:
+	SingleRenderTexture();
+	~SingleRenderTexture();
+
+	// A list of all images involved with this texture (color, normals, etc)
+	std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
+	// The sizes of all attached images.
+	VkExtent2D swapChainImageExtent;
+
+	// Views - mipmaps, portions, crops, etc of the attached images.
+	std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
+	// Framebuffers containing the images that can be bound and rendered from.
+	std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;
+
+	VkFramebuffer getFramebuffer(int ID) override { return swapChainFramebuffers.at(ID); }
+
+	// Create all image views and all framebuffers from a set of images, a format, a size, and the current rendering pass.
+	void createViewsAndFramebuffer(std::vector<VkImage> images, VkFormat format, VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) override;
+	// Create views for swapChainImages with the given format.
+	void createViews(VkFormat format) override;
+	// Create a framebuffer for the swapChainImages, for the given pass.
+	void createFramebuffer(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) override;
+
+	void destroy() override;
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/CommandBuffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+class CommandBuffer {
+public:
+
+	CommandBuffer();
+	~CommandBuffer();
+
+	VkCommandPool commands;
+	std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> buffers;
+
+	void createCommandPoolAndBuffers(size_t images);
+	void beginCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer);
+	void endCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer);
+
+	void createCommandPool();
+	void allocateCommandBuffers(size_t size);
+
+	void destroy();
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <set>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+class SwapChain {
+public:
+	SwapChain();
+	~SwapChain();
+
+	VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
+	VkFormat format;
+	VkExtent2D extent;
+
+	std::vector<VkImage> images;
+
+	VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats);
+	VkPresentModeKHR chooseMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availableModes);
+	VkExtent2D chooseExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities);
+
+	void create(VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+	void destroy();
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace VkTools {
+    extern VmaAllocator             g_allocator;
+    extern VkInstance               g_Instance;
+    extern VkPhysicalDevice         g_PhysicalDevice;
+    extern VkDevice                 g_Device;
+    extern uint32_t                 g_QueueFamily;
+    extern VkQueue                  g_Queue;
+    extern VkDebugReportCallbackEXT g_DebugReport;
+
+    struct ManagedImage {
+        VkImage image;
+        VmaAllocation allocation;
+    };
+
+    struct ManagedBuffer {
+        VkBuffer buffer;
+        VmaAllocation allocation;
+    };
+
+    ManagedImage createImage(VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags flags, VkExtent3D extent, VkDevice device);
+    VkSampler createSampler(VkFilter filters, VkSamplerAddressMode mode);
+    VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags flags, VkDevice device);
+    ManagedBuffer createGPUBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkDevice logicalDevice, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
+    uint32_t findMemoryIndex(uint32_t type, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
+    VkCommandBuffer createTempCommandBuffer(VkCommandPool pool, VkDevice logical);
+    void executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer, VkCommandPool pool, VkQueue queue, VkDevice logicalDevice);
+    void copyGPUBuffer(VkBuffer source, VkBuffer dest, VkDeviceSize length, VkDevice logical, VkQueue graphicsQueue, uint32_t queueIndex);
+
+
+    #ifdef VKTOOLS_IMPLEMENTATION
+    ManagedImage createImage(VkFormat format, VkImageUsageFlags flags, VkExtent3D extent, VkDevice device) {
+        // Set up image metadata
+        VkImageCreateInfo info = {};
+        info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+        info.pNext = nullptr;
+        info.format = format;
+        info.extent = extent;
+        info.mipLevels = 1;
+        info.arrayLayers = 1;
+        info.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+        info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+        info.usage = flags;
+
+        // Prepare the managed image
+        ManagedImage image {};
+
+        // Set up image allocation
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocateInfo = {};
+        allocateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
+
+        // Allocate + create the image
+        vmaCreateImage(g_allocator, &info, &allocateInfo, &image.image, &image.allocation, nullptr);
+
+        return image;
+
+    }
+
+    VkSampler createSampler(VkFilter filters, VkSamplerAddressMode mode) {
+        VkSamplerCreateInfo info = {};
+        info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
+        info.pNext = nullptr;
+        info.magFilter = filters;
+        info.minFilter = filters;
+        info.addressModeU = mode;
+        info.addressModeV = mode;
+        info.addressModeW = mode;
+
+        VkSampler sampler;
+        vkCreateSampler(g_Device, &info, nullptr, &sampler);
+
+        return sampler;
+    }
+
+    VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags flags, VkDevice device) {
+        // Raw information about the image
+        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
+        viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+        viewInfo.image = image;
+        viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
+        viewInfo.format = format;
+
+        // Information about the things we want to create - size, mip levels.
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = flags;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+
+        VkImageView imageView;
+        if (vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create texture image view.");
+
+        return imageView;
+    }
+
+    ManagedBuffer createGPUBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkDevice logicalDevice, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
+        // Prepare for creation of a buffer
+        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
+        bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+        bufferInfo.size = size;
+        bufferInfo.usage = usage;
+        bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+
+        ManagedBuffer buffer;
+
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo vmaInfo = {};
+        vmaInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+        vmaInfo.requiredFlags = properties;
+        vmaInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
+
+        // Create the buffer.
+        if (vmaCreateBuffer(g_allocator, &bufferInfo, &vmaInfo, &buffer.buffer, &buffer.allocation, nullptr) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create GPU buffer");
+
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t findMemoryIndex(uint32_t type, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
+        // Get the physical properties of the device.
+        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physProperties;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &physProperties);
+
+        // Iterate the device and search for a suitable index
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++)
+            // If the type matches, and the properties are what we desire, then ship it.
+            if ((type & (1 << i)) && ((physProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties))
+                return i;
+
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to find a suitable memory type on the physical device.");
+    }
+
+    VkCommandBuffer createTempCommandBuffer(VkCommandPool pool, VkDevice logical) {
+        // Prepare to allocate a command buffer
+        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {};
+        allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+        allocateInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
+        allocateInfo.commandPool = pool;
+        allocateInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+
+        // Allocate the buffer
+        VkCommandBuffer buffer;
+        vkAllocateCommandBuffers(logical, &allocateInfo, &buffer);
+
+        // Prepare to begin the new buffer.
+        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
+        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+        beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
+
+        // Begin listening on the new buffer.
+        vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &beginInfo);
+
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    void executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer, VkCommandPool pool, VkQueue queue, VkDevice logicalDevice) {
+        // Stop listening on the buffer
+        vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer);
+
+        // Prepare to execute the commands in the buffer
+        VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
+        submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
+        submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+        submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &buffer;
+
+        // Submit the commands to be executed
+        vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+
+        // Wait for the GPU to finish executing
+        vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
+
+        // Delete the now unusable buffers
+        vkFreeCommandBuffers(logicalDevice, pool, 1, &buffer);
+    }
+
+    void copyGPUBuffer(VkBuffer source, VkBuffer dest, VkDeviceSize length, VkDevice logical, VkQueue graphicsQueue, uint32_t queueIndex) {
+
+        // Prepare to create a temporary command pool.
+        VkCommandPool pool;
+        VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
+        poolCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+        poolCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueIndex;
+        poolCreateInfo.flags = 0;
+
+        // Create the pool
+        if (vkCreateCommandPool(logical, &poolCreateInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate a temporary command pool");
+
+        // Allocate a buffer
+        VkCommandBuffer commands = createTempCommandBuffer(pool, logical);
+
+        // ------ Commands are saved into the commands field ------ //
+
+        // Prepare to copy the data between buffers
+        VkBufferCopy copyInfo = {};
+        copyInfo.srcOffset = 0;
+        copyInfo.dstOffset = 0;
+        copyInfo.size = length;
+
+        // Copy the data.
+        vkCmdCopyBuffer(commands, source, dest, 1, &copyInfo);
+
+        // ------ Commands are no longer saved into the commands field ------ //
+
+        executeAndDeleteTempBuffer(commands, pool, graphicsQueue, logical);
+
+        // Cleanup the temporary buffer and pool we created
+        vkDestroyCommandPool(logical, pool, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    #endif
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <SDL.h>
+
+class ValidationAndExtension {
+public:
+	ValidationAndExtension();
+	~ValidationAndExtension();
+
+	const std::vector<const char*> requiredValidations = {
+		"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
+	};
+
+	VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback;
+
+	bool checkValidationSupport();
+
+	std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions(SDL_Window* window, bool validationsRequired);
+	void setupDebugCallback(bool validationsRequired, VkInstance vulkan);
+	void destroy(bool validationsRequired, VkInstance vulkan);
+
+
+	VkResult createDebugReportCallbackEXT(
+		VkInstance vulkan,
+		const VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT* info,
+		const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocator,
+		VkDebugReportCallbackEXT* callback) {
+
+		auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vulkan, "vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT");
+
+		if (func != nullptr) {
+			return func(vulkan, info, allocator, callback);
+		} else {
+			return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+		}
+	}
+
+	void destroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(
+		VkInstance vulkan,
+		const VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback,
+		const VkAllocationCallbacks* allocator) {
+		
+		auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vulkan, "vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT");
+
+		if (func != nullptr) {
+			func(vulkan, callback, allocator);
+		}
+	}
+};
+

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h>
+
+struct SwapChainMeta {
+	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+	std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
+	std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> modes;
+};
+
+struct QueueFamilies {
+	int graphics = -1;
+	int presentation = -1;
+
+	bool present() {
+		return graphics >= 0 && presentation >= 0;
+	}
+};
+
+class VulkanDevice {
+public:
+	VulkanDevice();
+	~VulkanDevice();
+
+	/** Physical Devices **/
+	VkPhysicalDevice physical;
+	SwapChainMeta swapChain;
+	QueueFamilies queueData;
+
+	std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
+		VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
+	};
+
+	void choosePhysicalDevice(VkInstance* vulkan, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+	bool isSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+	bool isSupported(VkPhysicalDevice device);
+
+	SwapChainMeta checkSwapchain(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+	QueueFamilies checkQueues(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+
+	QueueFamilies getQueues() { return queueData; }
+
+	/** Logical Devices **/
+	VkDevice logical;
+	VkQueue graphicsQueue;
+	VkQueue presentationQueue;
+
+	void createLogicalDevice(VkSurfaceKHR surface, bool validationRequired, ValidationAndExtension* validators);
+	void destroy();
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/inc/vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/texture/RenderTexture.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/CommandBuffer.h>
+
+#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+
+#include <SDL_vulkan.h>
+
+class VulkanManager {
+public:
+	VulkanManager();
+	~VulkanManager();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	static const bool validationRequired = true;
+#else
+	static const bool validationRequired = false;
+#endif
+
+	// VulkanManager is a singleton class.
+	static VulkanManager* instance;
+	static VulkanManager* getInstance();
+
+	// Initialize all Vulkan context and prepare validations in debug mode.
+	void initVulkan(SDL_Window* window);
+	void createAppAndVulkanInstance(bool enableValidation, ValidationAndExtension* validations);
+
+	// Start and end a frame render.
+	void startDraw();
+	void endDraw();
+
+	// Cleanup after the application has closed.
+	void cleanup();
+
+	void useRayTrace() { rayTraceMode = true; }
+
+	VkInstance getVulkan() { return vulkan; }
+	VulkanDevice* getDevice() { return device; }
+	SwapChain* getSwapchain() { return swapchain; }
+	RenderPass* getRenderPass() { return renderPass; }
+	VkCommandBuffer getCurrentCommandBuffer() { return currentCommandBuffer; }
+	VmaAllocator getAllocator() { return allocator; }
+	RenderTexture* getRenderTarget() { return renderTexture; }
+
+private:
+    // To keep track of the window during... stuff
+    SDL_Window* wnd;
+
+	// To handle the validation of Vulkan API usage (because fuck you, it's your problem now)
+	ValidationAndExtension* validators{};
+	// To manage interaction with the hardware
+	VulkanDevice* device{};
+	// To handle the framebuffers
+	SwapChain* swapchain{};
+	// To handle the timing of rendering
+	RenderPass* renderPass{};
+
+	// To handle automatic management of memory.
+	VmaAllocator allocator{};
+
+	// The default RenderTexture, mirroring the SwapChain to the viewport.
+	RenderTexture* renderTexture;
+	// The command buffers used when telling the firmware to do things for us.
+	CommandBuffer* buffers{};
+
+	// To manage the Vulkan context that was passed to us by the API
+	VkInstance vulkan{};
+	// To manage the canvas that was given to us by GLFW
+	VkSurfaceKHR surface{};
+
+	// The index of the texture that is currently being used by the GPU.
+	uint32_t imageIndex = 0;
+	// The command buffer currently being used by the GPU.
+	VkCommandBuffer currentCommandBuffer{};
+
+	// The maximum number of frames that can be dealt with at a time.
+	const int MAX_FRAMES = 2; // Double-buffering requires two frames in memory
+	// Raised when a new image is available
+	VkSemaphore newImageSem{};
+	// Raised when a render is finished
+	VkSemaphore renderDoneSem{};
+	// Stores fences for frames that are currently "in flight".
+	std::vector<VkFence> inFlight;
+
+	bool rayTraceMode;
+
+};

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/Camera.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/Camera.h>
+
+void Camera::init(float fov, float width, float height, float near, float far) {
+
+	// Initialise members
+	position = glm::vec3(0, 0, 4);
+	
+	glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0, 0, 0);
+	glm::vec3 cameraUp = glm::vec3(0, 1, 0);
+
+	viewMatrix = glm::mat4(1);
+	projectionMatrix = glm::mat4(1);
+
+	projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(fov, width / height, near, far);
+	viewMatrix = glm::lookAt(position, cameraFront, cameraUp);
+}
+
+void Camera::setPosition(glm::vec3 newPosition) {
+	position = newPosition;
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/Geometry.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
+using namespace Geo;
+
+void Mesh::setTriData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices = {
+		{ { 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },
+	};
+
+	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices = {
+		0, 1, 2,
+	};
+
+	vertices.clear(); indices.clear();
+
+	vertices = Vertices;
+	indices = Indices;
+}
+
+void Mesh::setQuadData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+
+	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices = {
+		{ { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },
+		{ { 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } }
+	};
+
+	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices = {
+		0, 1, 2,
+		0, 2, 3
+	};
+
+	vertices.clear(); indices.clear();
+	vertices = Vertices;
+	indices = Indices;
+}
+
+void Mesh::setCubeData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices = {
+		// Front
+		{ { -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },	// 0
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 1
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 2
+		{ { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 3
+		// Back 
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 4
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 5
+		{ { -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 6
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 7
+		// Left
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 8
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0, -1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 9
+		{ { -1.0, 1.0, 1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 10
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 11
+		// Right
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 12
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0, 1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 13
+		{ { 1.0, 1.0, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 14
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 15
+		// Top
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },		// 16
+		{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },	// 17
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 18
+		{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 19
+		// Bottom 
+		{ { -1.0f, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 1.0 } },	// 20
+		{ { -1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 0.0, 0.0 } },		// 21
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, 1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0 } },		// 22
+		{ { 1.0, -1.0, -1.0 },{ 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0 },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0 } },		// 23
+	};
+
+	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices = {
+		0, 1, 2,
+		2, 3, 0,
+
+		4, 5, 6,
+		4, 6, 7,
+
+		8, 9, 10,
+		8, 10, 11,
+
+		12, 13, 14,
+		12, 14, 15,
+
+		16, 17, 18,
+		16, 18, 19,
+
+		20, 21, 22,
+		20, 22, 23
+	};
+
+	vertices.clear(); indices.clear();
+	vertices = Vertices;
+	indices = Indices;
+}
+
+
+void Mesh::setSphereData(std::vector<Vertex>& vertices, std::vector<uint32_t>& indices) {
+	std::vector<Vertex> Vertices;
+	std::vector<uint32_t> Indices;
+
+	float latitudeBands = 20.0f;
+	float longitudeBands = 20.0f;
+	float radius = 1.0f;
+
+	for (float latNumber = 0; latNumber <= latitudeBands; latNumber++) {
+		float theta = latNumber * 3.14 / latitudeBands;
+		float sinTheta = sin(theta);
+		float cosTheta = cos(theta);
+
+		for (float longNumber = 0; longNumber <= longitudeBands; longNumber++) {
+
+			float phi = longNumber * 2 * 3.147 / longitudeBands;
+			float sinPhi = sin(phi);
+			float cosPhi = cos(phi);
+
+			Vertex vs;
+
+			vs.texture.x = (longNumber / longitudeBands); // u
+			vs.texture.y = (latNumber / latitudeBands);   // v
+
+			vs.normal.x = cosPhi * sinTheta;   // normal x
+			vs.normal.y = cosTheta;            // normal y
+			vs.normal.z = sinPhi * sinTheta;   // normal z
+
+			vs.position.x = radius * vs.normal.x; // x
+			vs.position.y = radius * vs.normal.y; // y
+			vs.position.z = radius * vs.normal.z; // z
+
+			Vertices.push_back(vs);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (uint32_t latNumber = 0; latNumber < latitudeBands; latNumber++) {
+		for (uint32_t longNumber = 0; longNumber < longitudeBands; longNumber++) {
+			uint32_t first = (latNumber * (longitudeBands + 1)) + longNumber;
+			uint32_t second = first + longitudeBands + 1;
+
+			Indices.push_back(first);
+			Indices.push_back(second);
+			Indices.push_back(first + 1);
+
+			Indices.push_back(second);
+			Indices.push_back(second + 1);
+			Indices.push_back(first + 1);
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	vertices.clear(); indices.clear();
+	vertices = Vertices;
+	indices = Indices;
+
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/framebuffer/RenderPass.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+RenderPass::RenderPass() {}
+RenderPass::~RenderPass() {}
+
+
+void RenderPass::createVertexRenderPass(VkFormat format) {
+	// Set up color metadata
+	VkAttachmentDescription color = {};
+	color.format = format;
+	color.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+	color.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
+	color.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
+	color.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
+	color.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
+	color.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+	color.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
+
+	// Set up subattachments
+	VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
+	colorReference.attachment = 0;
+	colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+
+	VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
+	subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
+	subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
+	subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
+
+	// Prepare the Render Pass for creation
+	std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 1> attachments = { color };
+	VkRenderPassCreateInfo createInfo = {};
+	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
+	createInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
+	createInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
+	createInfo.subpassCount = 1;
+	createInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
+
+	// Create the Render Pass
+	if (vkCreateRenderPass(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pass))
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Render Pass 1");
+}
+
+void RenderPass::beginRenderPass(std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues, VkCommandBuffer commands, VkFramebuffer framebuffer, VkExtent2D extent) {
+	// Prepare the Render Pass for start
+	VkRenderPassBeginInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
+	info.renderPass = pass;
+	info.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+
+	info.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
+	info.renderArea.extent = extent;
+
+	info.pClearValues = clearValues.data();
+	info.clearValueCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(clearValues.size());
+
+	// Attempt to begin the pass
+	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commands, &info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+}
+
+void RenderPass::endRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commands) {
+	vkCmdEndRenderPass(commands);
+}
+
+
+void RenderPass::destroy() {
+	vkDestroyRenderPass(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pass, nullptr);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/geometry/SingleRenderer.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+#include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
+
+void SingleRenderer::createSingleRenderer(Geo::MeshType type, glm::vec3 posIn, glm::vec3 scaleIn) {
+
+	// Collect metadata about the swap chain
+	uint32_t imageCount = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->images.size();
+	VkExtent2D imageExtent = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getSwapchain()->extent;
+
+	// Create the buffers
+	buffers.createBuffers(type);
+
+	// Create the descriptor layout
+	descriptor.createAndAllocateSimple(imageCount);
+	descriptor.populate(imageCount, buffers.uniformBuffer.buffer, sizeof(Geo::UniformBufferObject));
+
+	// Create the pipeline
+	pipeline.create(imageExtent, descriptor.layout, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getRenderPass()->pass);
+
+	// Set locals
+	position = posIn;
+	scale = scaleIn;
+	rotation = glm::mat4_cast(glm::quat(0, 0, 0, 0));
+}
+
+void SingleRenderer::updateUniforms(Camera camera) {
+	
+	// Prepare data to go into the buffers
+	Geo::UniformBufferObject ubo = {};
+	
+	glm::mat4 scaleMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
+	glm::mat4 rotationMatrix = getRotation();
+	glm::mat4 translationMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
+
+	scaleMatrix = glm::scale(scaleMatrix, scale);
+	translationMatrix = glm::translate(translationMatrix, position);
+
+	ubo.model = translationMatrix * rotationMatrix * scaleMatrix;
+	ubo.view = camera.getViewMatrix();
+	ubo.proj = camera.getProjectionMatrix();
+
+	ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;
+
+	// Copy the buffers into the GPU
+	void* data;
+	vmaMapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), buffers.uniformBuffer.allocation, &data);
+	memcpy(data, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
+	vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), buffers.uniformBuffer.allocation);
+}
+
+void SingleRenderer::draw() {
+	// Fetch the buffer we're going to insert commands to
+	VkCommandBuffer commands = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getCurrentCommandBuffer();
+
+	// Bind our pipeline
+	vkCmdBindPipeline(commands, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline.pipeline);
+
+	// Bind the vertex buffer
+	VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = {
+		buffers.vertexBuffer.buffer
+	};
+
+	VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {
+		0
+	};
+
+	vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commands, 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);
+
+	// Bind the index buffer
+	vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commands, buffers.indexBuffer.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
+
+	// Bind the uniform buffer
+	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commands, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline.layout, 0, 1, &descriptor.set, 0, nullptr);
+
+	// Draw the buffered geometry
+	vkCmdDrawIndexed(commands, static_cast<uint32_t>(buffers.indices.size()), 1, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void SingleRenderer::destroy() {
+	pipeline.destroy();
+	descriptor.destroy();
+	buffers.destroy();
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/shader/Descriptor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/shader/Descriptor.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
+
+#include <array>
+
+Descriptor::Descriptor() {}
+Descriptor::~Descriptor() {}
+
+void Descriptor::createAndAllocateSimple(uint32_t images) {
+	createSimpleLayout();
+	createSimplePool(images);
+}
+
+void Descriptor::createSimpleLayout() {
+	// Set up a binding
+	VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding binding = {};
+	binding.binding = 0;
+	binding.descriptorCount = 1;
+	binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
+	binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
+
+	// Prepare to create the layout
+	std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 1> bindings = {
+		binding
+	};
+
+	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+	info.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
+	info.pBindings = bindings.data();
+
+	// Create the layout
+	if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor layout");
+}
+
+void Descriptor::createSimplePool(uint32_t images) {
+	// Set the size of the pool we want
+	VkDescriptorPoolSize size = {};
+	size.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
+	size.descriptorCount = images;
+
+	std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 1> sizes = {
+		size
+	};
+
+	// Prepare to create the pool
+	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {};
+	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+	createInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizes.size());
+	createInfo.pPoolSizes = sizes.data();
+	createInfo.maxSets = images;
+
+	// Create the pool
+	if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor pool");
+
+	// Prepare to allocate the set
+	std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(images, layout);
+	VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {};
+	allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+	allocateInfo.descriptorPool = pool;
+	allocateInfo.descriptorSetCount = images;
+	allocateInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
+
+	// Allocate the Set
+	if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &allocateInfo, &set) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate Descriptor set");
+}
+
+void Descriptor::populate(uint32_t images, VkBuffer uniforms, size_t bufferSize) {
+	// Iterate images
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < images; i++) {
+		// Set up the uniform buffer
+		VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer = {};
+		buffer.buffer = uniforms;
+		buffer.offset = 0;
+		buffer.range = bufferSize;
+
+		// Prepare to write the buffer into the Descriptor set
+		VkWriteDescriptorSet write = {};
+		write.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
+		write.pNext = nullptr;
+		write.dstSet = set;
+		write.dstBinding = 0;
+		write.dstArrayElement = 0;
+		write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
+		write.descriptorCount = 1;
+		write.pBufferInfo = &buffer;
+		write.pImageInfo = nullptr;
+		write.pTexelBufferView = nullptr;
+
+		std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 1> writes = {
+			write
+		};
+
+		// Write the buffer into the descriptor
+		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, static_cast<uint32_t>(writes.size()), writes.data(), 0, nullptr);
+	}
+}
+
+void Descriptor::destroy() {
+	vkDestroyDescriptorPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pool, nullptr);
+	vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, layout, nullptr);
+}
+
+VkDescriptorSetLayout createBindingWrapper(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings) {
+	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+	info.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
+	info.pBindings = bindings.data();
+
+	VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
+
+	// Create the layout
+	if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor layout");
+
+	return layout;
+}
+VkDescriptorPool createPoolWrapper(std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> sizes, uint32_t images) {
+	// Prepare to create the pool
+	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {};
+	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+	createInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizes.size());
+	createInfo.pPoolSizes = sizes.data();
+	createInfo.maxSets = images;
+
+	VkDescriptorPool pool;
+
+	// Create the pool
+	if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &pool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Descriptor pool");
+
+	return pool;
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/shader/GeoBuffers.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/shader/GeoBuffers.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+GeoBuffers::GeoBuffers() {}
+GeoBuffers::~GeoBuffers() {}
+
+void GeoBuffers::createBuffers(Geo::MeshType type) {
+	// Set vertex and indice data
+	switch (type) {
+		case Geo::MeshType::Triangle:
+			Geo::Mesh::setTriData(vertices, indices);
+			break;
+		case Geo::MeshType::Quad:
+			Geo::Mesh::setQuadData(vertices, indices);
+			break;
+		case Geo::MeshType::Cube:
+			Geo::Mesh::setCubeData(vertices, indices);
+			break;
+		case Geo::MeshType::Sphere:
+			Geo::Mesh::setSphereData(vertices, indices);
+			break;
+	}
+
+	// Create buffers
+	createVertexBuffer();
+	createIndexBuffer();
+	createUniformBuffer();
+}
+
+void GeoBuffers::createVertexBuffer() {
+	// Gather the size of the buffer we need..
+	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(vertices[0]) * vertices.size();
+
+	// Create and bind a temporary buffer
+	VkTools::ManagedBuffer staging = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
+
+	// Get ready to write into our GPU buffer
+	void* data;
+	vmaMapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation, &data);
+
+	// Copy vertex data into the buffer
+	memcpy(data, vertices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
+
+	// Unmap the buffer from stack space
+	vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation);
+
+	// Prepare an area in the GPU that we cannot see, that the vertex data can live permanently.
+	vertexBuffer = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
+
+	// Copy our data from the staging buffer into the new permanent buffer
+	VkTools::copyGPUBuffer(staging.buffer, vertexBuffer.buffer, bufferSize, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->queueData.graphics);
+
+	// Cleanup the staging area.
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.buffer, staging.allocation);
+}
+
+void GeoBuffers::createIndexBuffer() {
+	// Gather the size of the buffer we need..
+	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(indices[0]) * indices.size();
+
+	// Create and bind a temporary buffer
+    VkTools::ManagedBuffer staging = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
+
+	// Get ready to write into our GPU buffer
+	void* data;
+	vmaMapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation, &data);
+
+	// Copy index data into the buffer
+	memcpy(data, indices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
+
+	// Unmap the buffer from stack space
+	vmaUnmapMemory(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.allocation);
+
+	// Prepare an area in the GPU that we cannot see, that the vertex data can live permanently.
+	indexBuffer = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
+
+	// Copy our data from the staging buffer into the new permanent buffer
+	VkTools::copyGPUBuffer(staging.buffer, indexBuffer.buffer, bufferSize, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->queueData.graphics);
+
+	// Cleanup the staging area.
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), staging.buffer, staging.allocation);
+}
+
+void GeoBuffers::createUniformBuffer() {
+	// Allocate a buffer of the right size - we don't need to copy uniforms.
+	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(Geo::UniformBufferObject);
+
+	uniformBuffer = VkTools::createGPUBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->physical);
+}
+
+void GeoBuffers::destroy() {
+	// Cleanup uniform buffers
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), uniformBuffer.buffer, uniformBuffer.allocation);
+
+	// Cleanup index buffers
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), indexBuffer.buffer, indexBuffer.allocation);
+
+	// Cleanup vertex buffers
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getAllocator(), vertexBuffer.buffer, vertexBuffer.allocation);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/shader/Pipeline.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/shader/Pipeline.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+#include <vlkx/render/Geometry.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+
+Pipeline::Pipeline() {}
+Pipeline::~Pipeline() {}
+
+void Pipeline::create(VkExtent2D extent, VkDescriptorSetLayout set, VkRenderPass renderPass) {
+	createPipelineLayout(set);
+	createVertexPipeline(extent, renderPass);
+}
+
+void Pipeline::createPipelineLayout(VkDescriptorSetLayout set) {
+	// Prepare to create the pipeline layout
+	VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO; 
+	info.setLayoutCount = 1;
+	info.pSetLayouts = &set;
+	
+	// Create the layout
+	if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &layout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Pipeline Layout.");
+}
+
+std::vector<char> Pipeline::readFile(const std::string& filename) {
+	// Prepare the stream for reading the file
+	std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
+
+	if (!file.is_open())
+		throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unable to open shader file: ").append(filename));
+
+	size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
+
+	// Read the file into a vector
+	std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
+	file.seekg(0);
+	file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
+	file.close();
+
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+VkShaderModule Pipeline::createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
+	// Prepare to create the shader module
+	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
+	info.codeSize = code.size();
+	info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());
+
+	// Create the module
+	VkShaderModule shaderModule;
+	if (vkCreateShaderModule(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Shader module from SPIR-V binary");
+
+	return shaderModule;
+}
+
+void Pipeline::createVertexPipeline(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass renderPass) {
+
+	// ------- Stage: Shader ------- //
+
+	// Read the vertex shader
+	auto vertexShaderCode = readFile("vlkx-resources/shader/SPIRV/basic.vert.spv");
+	VkShaderModule vertexShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertexShaderCode);
+
+	// Prepare to create the Shader Stage
+	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertexShaderCreateInfo = {};
+	vertexShaderCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+	vertexShaderCreateInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
+	vertexShaderCreateInfo.module = vertexShaderModule;
+	vertexShaderCreateInfo.pName = "main";
+
+
+	// Read the fragment shader
+	auto fragmentShaderCode = readFile("vlkx-resources/shader/SPIRV/basic.frag.spv");
+	VkShaderModule fragmentShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragmentShaderCode);
+
+	// Prepare to create the Shader Stage
+	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragmentShaderCreateInfo = {};
+	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.module = fragmentShaderModule;
+	fragmentShaderCreateInfo.pName = "main";
+
+	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {
+		vertexShaderCreateInfo,
+		fragmentShaderCreateInfo
+	};
+
+	// ------- Stage: Shader Input ------- //
+
+	auto bindingDescription = Geo::Vertex::getBindingDesc();
+	auto attributeDescription = Geo::Vertex::getAttributeDesc();
+
+	VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputCreateInfo = {};
+	vertexInputCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+	vertexInputCreateInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
+	vertexInputCreateInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
+	vertexInputCreateInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attributeDescription.size());
+	vertexInputCreateInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescription.data();
+
+	// ------- Stage: Input Assembly ------- //
+
+	VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyCreateInfo = {};
+	inputAssemblyCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+	inputAssemblyCreateInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
+	inputAssemblyCreateInfo.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;
+
+	// ------- Stage: Rasterization ------- //
+
+	VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterCreateInfo = {};
+	rasterCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+	rasterCreateInfo.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
+	rasterCreateInfo.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
+	rasterCreateInfo.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
+	rasterCreateInfo.lineWidth = 1.0f;
+	rasterCreateInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
+	rasterCreateInfo.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
+	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
+	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f;
+	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
+	rasterCreateInfo.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f;
+
+	// ------- Stage: MultiSample ------- //
+
+	VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleCreateInfo = {};
+	multisampleCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+	multisampleCreateInfo.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
+	multisampleCreateInfo.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+	// ------- Stage: Color Blending ------- //
+
+	VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttach = {};
+	colorBlendAttach.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
+	colorBlendAttach.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
+
+	VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendCreateInfo = {};
+	colorBlendCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+	colorBlendCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
+	colorBlendCreateInfo.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttach;
+
+	// ------- Stage: Viewport ------- //
+
+	VkViewport viewport = {};
+	viewport.x = 0;
+	viewport.y = 0;
+	viewport.width = (float)extent.width;
+	viewport.height = (float)extent.height;
+	viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
+	viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
+
+	VkRect2D scissor = {};
+	scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
+	scissor.extent = extent;
+
+	VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportCreateInfo = {};
+	viewportCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+	viewportCreateInfo.viewportCount = 1;
+	viewportCreateInfo.pViewports = &viewport;
+	viewportCreateInfo.scissorCount = 1;
+	viewportCreateInfo.pScissors = &scissor;
+
+	// ------- Create the Pipeline ------- //
+
+	VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {};
+	pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
+	pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
+	pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
+
+	pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputCreateInfo;
+	pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyCreateInfo;
+	pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterCreateInfo;
+	pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleCreateInfo;
+	pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = nullptr;
+	pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendCreateInfo;
+	pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;
+	pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportCreateInfo;
+
+	pipelineInfo.layout = layout;
+	pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
+	pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
+
+	if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &pipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create a Vertex rendering Pipeline.");
+
+
+	// ------- Cleanup temporary allocations ------- //
+
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, vertexShaderModule, nullptr);
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, fragmentShaderModule, nullptr);
+}
+
+
+void Pipeline::destroy() {
+	vkDestroyPipeline(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, pipeline, nullptr);
+	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, layout, nullptr);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/render/texture/RenderTexture.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include <vlkx/render/texture/RenderTexture.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+
+SingleRenderTexture::SingleRenderTexture() {}
+SingleRenderTexture::~SingleRenderTexture() {}
+
+void SingleRenderTexture::createViewsAndFramebuffer(std::vector<VkImage> images, VkFormat format, VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) {
+	// Initialize members
+	this->swapChainImages = images;
+	this->swapChainImageExtent = extent;
+
+	createViews(format);
+	createFramebuffer(extent, pass);
+}
+
+void SingleRenderTexture::createViews(VkFormat format) {
+	// Prepare maximum size
+	swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());
+
+	// Iterate images and create views for each.
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
+		swapChainImageViews[i] = VkTools::createImageView(swapChainImages[i], format, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical);
+	}
+}
+
+void SingleRenderTexture::createFramebuffer(VkExtent2D extent, VkRenderPass pass) {
+	// Prepare maximum size
+	swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
+
+	// Iterate views and create a framebuffer for each.
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
+		// Create an array with the image view as an attachment.
+		std::array<VkImageView, 1> attachments = {
+			swapChainImageViews[i]
+		};
+
+		// Prepare the creation of a new framebuffer.
+		// One attachment, width and height from the extent, and one layer (one viewport)
+		VkFramebufferCreateInfo info = {};
+		info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+		info.renderPass = pass;
+		info.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
+		info.pAttachments = attachments.data();
+		info.width = extent.width;
+		info.height = extent.height;
+		info.layers = 1;
+		
+		// Create the framebuffer
+		if (vkCreateFramebuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+			throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create framebuffer for a texture.");
+	}
+}
+
+void SingleRenderTexture::destroy() {
+	// Destroy Image Views first
+	for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) {
+		vkDestroyImageView(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, imageView, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	// Framebuffers
+	for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers) {
+		vkDestroyFramebuffer(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, framebuffer, nullptr);
+	}
+
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/CommandBuffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/CommandBuffer.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+CommandBuffer::CommandBuffer() {}
+CommandBuffer::~CommandBuffer() {}
+
+void CommandBuffer::createCommandPoolAndBuffers(size_t size) {
+	createCommandPool();
+	allocateCommandBuffers(size);
+}
+
+void CommandBuffer::createCommandPool() {
+	// Prepare queues
+	QueueFamilies families = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->getQueues();
+
+	// Prepare command pool creation data
+	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+	info.queueFamilyIndex = families.graphics;
+	info.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
+
+	// Attempt creation
+	if (vkCreateCommandPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, nullptr, &commands) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create a command pool.");
+}
+
+void CommandBuffer::allocateCommandBuffers(size_t size) {
+	// Prepare allocation info
+	buffers.resize(size);
+
+	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+	info.commandPool = commands;
+	info.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)buffers.size();
+
+	// Attempt allocation
+	if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &info, buffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to allocate command buffer");
+}
+
+void CommandBuffer::beginCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer) {
+	// Prepare to begin listening on this buffer
+	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+	info.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT; // Allow writing to this buffer while another is being read.
+
+	// Attempt to begin listening
+	if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &info) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to begin a command buffer");
+}
+
+void CommandBuffer::endCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer) {
+	// Attempt to end listening
+	if (vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
+		throw std::runtime_error("Unable to end listening for a command buffer");
+}
+
+void CommandBuffer::destroy() {
+	vkDestroyCommandPool(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, commands, nullptr);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/SwapChain.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/SwapChain.h>
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanManager.h>
+
+SwapChain::SwapChain() {}
+SwapChain::~SwapChain() {}
+
+VkSurfaceFormatKHR SwapChain::chooseFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
+	// Check if we don't have any options
+	if (availableFormats.size() == 1 && availableFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED)
+		// Default to BGRA, sRGB
+		return { VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR };
+
+	for (const auto& format : availableFormats) {
+		// Prefer BGRA sRGB if it's available
+		if (format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM && format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
+			return format;
+	}
+	
+	// If BGRA sRGB isn't an option, choose whatever Vulkan thinks is the best option.
+	return availableFormats[0];
+}
+
+VkPresentModeKHR SwapChain::chooseMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availableModes) {
+	
+	// We want Mailbox, Immediate or FIFO, in that order.
+	VkPresentModeKHR mode = availableModes[0];
+	if (mode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR || mode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR)
+		return mode;
+
+	return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+}
+
+VkExtent2D SwapChain::chooseExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {
+	// If our extent is valid, use it
+	if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
+		return capabilities.currentExtent;
+	else {
+		// Create a new 1280x720 extent and use that
+		VkExtent2D size = { 1280, 720 };
+		size.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, size.width));
+		size.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, size.height));
+		return size;
+	}
+}
+
+void SwapChain::create(VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+	SwapChainMeta info = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->swapChain;
+
+	VkSurfaceFormatKHR chosenFormat = chooseFormat(info.formats);
+	VkPresentModeKHR chosenMode = chooseMode(info.modes);
+	VkExtent2D chosenExtent = chooseExtent(info.capabilities);
+
+	// use the max if it's set, otherwise the minimum
+	uint32_t imageCount = std::max(info.capabilities.minImageCount, (uint32_t) 2);
+	std::cout << "SwapChain has " << imageCount << " images." << std::endl;
+	
+	// Prepare the creation data
+	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};
+	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
+	createInfo.surface = surface;
+	createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
+	createInfo.imageFormat = chosenFormat.format;
+	createInfo.imageColorSpace = chosenFormat.colorSpace;
+	createInfo.imageExtent = chosenExtent;
+	createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1; // 2 for VR
+	createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+
+	QueueFamilies queues = VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->getQueues();
+	uint32_t indices[] = { static_cast<uint32_t>(queues.graphics), static_cast<uint32_t>(queues.presentation) };
+
+	if (queues.graphics != queues.presentation) {
+		createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
+		createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
+		createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = indices;
+	} else {
+		createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+		createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
+		createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	createInfo.preTransform = info.capabilities.currentTransform;
+	createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
+	createInfo.presentMode = chosenMode;
+	createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
+	createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	// Create the swap-chain
+	if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain))
+		throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create swap-chain");
+
+	// Fetch our images from the swapchain
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
+	images.resize(imageCount);
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, &imageCount, images.data());
+
+	// Set gloabls
+	format = chosenFormat.format;
+	extent = chosenExtent;
+}
+
+void SwapChain::destroy() {
+	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical, swapChain, nullptr);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/ValidationAndExtension.h>
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include <SDL_vulkan.h>
+
+ValidationAndExtension::ValidationAndExtension() {}
+ValidationAndExtension::~ValidationAndExtension() {}
+
+bool ValidationAndExtension::checkValidationSupport() {
+	// Get number of properties
+	uint32_t layers;
+	vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layers, nullptr);
+
+	// Instantiate a vector of proper size and retrieve data
+	std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableProperties(layers);
+	vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layers, availableProperties.data());
+
+	// Iterate the validation layers we require
+	for (const char* layer : requiredValidations) {
+		bool layerFound = false;
+
+		// Search for a match with the ones we have
+		for (const auto& property : availableProperties) {
+			if (strcmp(layer, property.layerName) == 0) {
+				layerFound = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If any are not found, then we don't support what we need
+		if (!layerFound)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	// If all are found, then we can continue
+	return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<const char*> ValidationAndExtension::getRequiredExtensions(SDL_Window* window, bool validationsRequired) {
+
+    unsigned int count;
+    SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(window, &count, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<const char*> extensions = {
+    };
+
+    size_t additional_extension_count = extensions.size();
+    extensions.resize(additional_extension_count + count);
+
+    SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(window, &count, extensions.data() + additional_extension_count);
+
+	if (validationsRequired) {
+		extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_debug_report"); // Add debug report if we want to validate
+	}
+
+	// Return the new list
+	return extensions;
+}
+
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(
+	VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags,
+	VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objExt,
+	size_t obj,
+	size_t location,
+	int32_t code,
+	const char* layer,
+	const char* message,
+	void* user) {
+
+	std::cerr << "Validation from layer " << layer << ": " << message << std::endl;
+	return false;
+}
+
+void ValidationAndExtension::setupDebugCallback(bool validationRequired, VkInstance vulkan) {
+	if (!validationRequired)
+		return;
+
+	VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT info = {};
+	info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
+	info.flags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
+	info.pfnCallback = debugCallback;
+
+	if (createDebugReportCallbackEXT(vulkan, &info, nullptr, &callback) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create log dumper.");
+	}
+}
+
+void ValidationAndExtension::destroy(bool validationRequired, VkInstance vulkan) {
+	if (validationRequired)
+		destroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(vulkan, callback, nullptr);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/VulkanDevice.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/VulkanDevice.h>
+
+VulkanDevice::VulkanDevice() : physical(VK_NULL_HANDLE), logical(VK_NULL_HANDLE), graphicsQueue(VK_NULL_HANDLE), presentationQueue(VK_NULL_HANDLE) {}
+VulkanDevice::~VulkanDevice() = default;
+
+void VulkanDevice::choosePhysicalDevice(VkInstance* vulkan, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+	// Count devices
+	uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(*vulkan, &deviceCount, nullptr);
+
+	// Sanity check
+	if (deviceCount == 0) {
+		throw std::runtime_error("Vulkan not supported on this system. No Devices available");
+	}
+
+	std::cout << "Found " << deviceCount << " devices that are Vulkan-compatible." << std::endl;
+
+	// Gather devices
+	std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physicals(deviceCount);
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(*vulkan, &deviceCount, physicals.data());
+
+	// Enumerate devices
+	std::string finalDeviceName;
+	std::cout << std::endl;
+	std::cout << "Device List" << std::endl;
+	for (const auto& device : physicals) {
+		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &props);
+
+		std::cout << "Device: " << props.deviceName << std::endl;
+		if (physical == VK_NULL_HANDLE && isSuitable(device, surface) ) {
+			finalDeviceName = props.deviceName;
+			physical = device;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	std::cout << std::endl << "Using device " << finalDeviceName << "." << std::endl;
+	
+	// Sanity check that at least one was found.
+	if (physical == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+		throw std::runtime_error("No suitable GPU found");
+}
+
+bool VulkanDevice::isSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+	// Find queues
+
+	QueueFamilies families = checkQueues(device, surface);
+
+	bool supported = isSupported(device);
+	bool swapChainWorks = false;
+
+	if (supported) {
+		swapChain = checkSwapchain(device, surface);
+		swapChainWorks = !swapChain.formats.empty() && !swapChain.modes.empty();
+	}
+
+	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures supportedFeatures;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &supportedFeatures);
+
+	return families.present() && supported && swapChainWorks && supportedFeatures.samplerAnisotropy;
+}
+
+QueueFamilies VulkanDevice::checkQueues(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+	QueueFamilies families;
+	// Enumerate queueues
+	uint32_t queueCount = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueCount, nullptr);
+
+	std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queues(queueCount);
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueCount, queues.data());
+
+	// Find a valid graphics (drawing) and presentation (display) queue
+	int i = 0;
+	for (const auto& family : queues) {
+		// If the graphics bit is set, this is a valid graphics queue
+		if (family.queueCount > 0 && family.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
+			families.graphics = i;
+
+		// Ask Vulkan if this family suppots displaying to the surface from this device
+		VkBool32 presentationSupport = false;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentationSupport);
+		if (family.queueCount > 0 && presentationSupport)
+			families.presentation = i;
+
+		// If we have a valid graphics and presentation queue, we can stop searching
+		if (families.present())
+			break;
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	return families;
+}
+
+bool VulkanDevice::isSupported(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
+	// Enumerate extensions
+	uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
+
+	std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions(extensionCount);
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, extensions.data());
+
+	// Filter for the ones we have
+	std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());
+	for (const auto& extension : extensions) {
+		// Remove the ones we have from the ones we need
+		requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
+	}
+
+	// If we have every needed extension, then we're good to go
+	return requiredExtensions.empty();
+	
+}
+
+SwapChainMeta VulkanDevice::checkSwapchain(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+	SwapChainMeta meta;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &meta.capabilities);
+
+	// Check display formats (ARGB, RBGA, etc)
+	uint32_t formatCount = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
+
+	if (formatCount != 0) {
+		meta.formats.resize(formatCount);
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, meta.formats.data());
+	}
+	// Check Presentation modes (bit depth, etc)
+	uint32_t modeCount = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &modeCount, nullptr);
+
+	if (modeCount != 0) {
+		meta.modes.resize(modeCount);
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &modeCount, meta.modes.data());
+	}
+
+	return meta;
+}
+
+void VulkanDevice::createLogicalDevice(VkSurfaceKHR surface, bool validationRequired, ValidationAndExtension* validator) {
+
+	// Get the queue data, prepare it for the logical device
+	QueueFamilies families = checkQueues(physical, surface);
+
+	std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreation;
+	std::set<int> queues = { families.graphics, families.presentation };
+
+	float priority = 1;
+	for (int family : queues) {
+		VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo createInfo = {};
+		createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
+		createInfo.queueFamilyIndex = family;
+		createInfo.queueCount = 1;
+		createInfo.pQueuePriorities = &priority;
+		queueCreation.push_back(createInfo);
+	}
+
+	// Prepare the characteristics of the device we want
+	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features = {};
+	features.samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE;
+
+	// Prepare the device for construction
+	VkDeviceCreateInfo device = {};
+	device.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
+	device.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreation.data();
+	device.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreation.size());
+	device.pEnabledFeatures = &features;
+	device.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
+	device.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
+
+	if (validationRequired) {
+		device.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validator->requiredValidations.size());
+		device.ppEnabledLayerNames = validator->requiredValidations.data();
+	} else {
+		device.enabledLayerCount = 0;
+	}
+
+	// Create the device
+
+	if (vkCreateDevice(physical, &device, nullptr, &logical) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create logical device");
+	}
+
+	// Fetch the proper queue metadata from the GPU
+	queueData = families;
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(logical, families.graphics, 0, &graphicsQueue);
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(logical, families.presentation, 0, &presentationQueue);
+}
+
+void VulkanDevice::destroy() {
+	vkDestroyDevice(logical, nullptr);
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-renderer/src/vulkan/VulkanManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#include <vulkan/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+#define VKTOOLS_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#include <vlkx/vulkan/Tools.h>
+
+#include <vlkx\vulkan\VulkanManager.h>
+
+VulkanManager::VulkanManager() { rayTraceMode = false; }
+
+VulkanManager::~VulkanManager() = default;
+
+VulkanManager* VulkanManager::instance = nullptr;
+
+
+VmaAllocator             VkTools::g_allocator;
+VkInstance               VkTools::g_Instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+VkPhysicalDevice         VkTools::g_PhysicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+VkDevice                 VkTools::g_Device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+uint32_t                 VkTools::g_QueueFamily = (uint32_t)-1;
+VkQueue                  VkTools::g_Queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+VkDebugReportCallbackEXT VkTools::g_DebugReport = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+VulkanManager* VulkanManager::getInstance() {
+    return VulkanManager::instance != nullptr ? VulkanManager::instance
+                                              : (VulkanManager::instance = new VulkanManager());
+}
+
+void VulkanManager::createAppAndVulkanInstance(bool enableValidation, ValidationAndExtension* validations) {
+    VkApplicationInfo info = {};
+    info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
+    info.pApplicationName = "Sup";
+    info.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0);
+    info.pEngineName = "Infinity Drive";
+    info.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0);
+    info.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
+
+    VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceInfo = {};
+    instanceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
+    instanceInfo.pApplicationInfo = &info;
+
+    auto extensions = validations->getRequiredExtensions(wnd, true);
+    instanceInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
+    instanceInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &extensions[0];
+
+    auto layers = validations->requiredValidations;
+    if (enableValidation) {
+        instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size());
+        instanceInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = &layers[0];
+    } else {
+        instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    auto status = vkCreateInstance(&instanceInfo, nullptr, &vulkan);
+    if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize Vulkan: " + std::to_string(status));
+    }
+
+}
+
+void VulkanManager::initVulkan(SDL_Window* window) {
+    wnd = window;
+    validators = new ValidationAndExtension();
+
+    if (!validators->checkValidationSupport())
+        throw std::runtime_error("Validation not available");
+
+    createAppAndVulkanInstance(validationRequired, validators);
+
+    validators->setupDebugCallback(validationRequired, vulkan);
+
+    if (SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(window, vulkan, &surface) != SDL_TRUE)
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create Vulkan Surface");
+
+    this->device = new VulkanDevice();
+    this->device->choosePhysicalDevice(&vulkan, surface);
+    this->device->createLogicalDevice(surface, validationRequired, validators);
+
+    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};
+    allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = this->device->physical;
+    allocatorInfo.device = this->device->logical;
+    allocatorInfo.instance = this->vulkan;
+    vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &this->allocator);
+    VkTools::g_allocator = this->allocator;
+    VkTools::g_PhysicalDevice = this->device->physical;
+    VkTools::g_Device = this->device->logical;
+    VkTools::g_Instance = this->vulkan;
+
+    this->swapchain = new SwapChain();
+    this->swapchain->create(surface);
+
+    this->renderPass = new RenderPass();
+
+    // Set up for vertex rendering
+    this->renderPass->createVertexRenderPass(swapchain->format);
+    this->renderTexture = new SingleRenderTexture();
+
+    this->renderTexture->createViewsAndFramebuffer(swapchain->images, swapchain->format,
+        swapchain->extent,renderPass->pass
+    );
+
+    this->buffers = new CommandBuffer();
+    this->buffers->createCommandPoolAndBuffers(swapchain->images.size());
+
+    // Create semaphores for render events
+    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
+    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
+    vkCreateSemaphore(device->logical, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &newImageSem);
+    vkCreateSemaphore(device->logical, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderDoneSem);
+
+    // Create fences for the frames
+    inFlight.resize(MAX_FRAMES);
+    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
+    fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
+    fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++) {
+        if (vkCreateFence(device->logical, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlight[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unable to create fence for a frame");
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Vulkan Initialization Finished" << std::endl;
+}
+
+void VulkanManager::startDraw() {
+    // Prepare for a new frame to start
+    vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device->logical, swapchain->swapChain,
+        std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), newImageSem,VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex
+    );
+
+    vkWaitForFences(device->logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE,
+        std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()
+    );
+
+    vkResetFences(device->logical, 1, &inFlight[imageIndex]);
+
+    // Fetch the next command buffer
+    currentCommandBuffer = buffers->buffers[imageIndex];
+    buffers->beginCommandBuffer(currentCommandBuffer);
+
+    // Setup render pass; setup clear color
+    VkClearValue clearColor = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; // Red
+
+    // Execute render pass
+    renderPass->beginRenderPass({ clearColor }, currentCommandBuffer, dynamic_cast<SingleRenderTexture*>(renderTexture)->swapChainFramebuffers[imageIndex], dynamic_cast<SingleRenderTexture*>(renderTexture)->swapChainImageExtent);
+}
+
+void VulkanManager::endDraw() {
+    // End command buffer first
+    renderPass->endRenderPass(currentCommandBuffer);
+    buffers->endCommandBuffer(currentCommandBuffer);
+
+    // Prepare to submit all draw commands to the GPU
+    VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {
+            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT
+    };
+
+    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
+    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
+    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &currentCommandBuffer;
+    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
+    // Wait for the New Image semaphore, and signal the Render Done semaphore when finished
+    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
+    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &newImageSem;
+    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
+    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &renderDoneSem;
+
+    // Submit.
+    vkQueueSubmit(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlight[imageIndex]);
+
+    // Prepare to show the drawn frame on the screen.
+    VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {};
+    presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
+    presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
+    presentInfo.pSwapchains = &swapchain->swapChain;
+    presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
+    // Wait until render is finished before presenting.
+    presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
+    presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &renderDoneSem;
+
+    // Show.
+    vkQueuePresentKHR(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->presentationQueue, &presentInfo);
+
+    // Wait for the GPU to catch up
+    vkQueueWaitIdle(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->presentationQueue);
+}
+
+void VulkanManager::cleanup() {
+    // Wait for the GPU to not be busy
+    vkDeviceWaitIdle(VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->logical);
+
+    // Destroy our own data
+    vkDestroySemaphore(device->logical, renderDoneSem, nullptr);
+    vkDestroySemaphore(device->logical, newImageSem, nullptr);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++) {
+        vkDestroyFence(device->logical, inFlight[i], nullptr);
+    }
+
+    buffers->destroy();
+    renderTexture->destroy();
+    renderPass->destroy();
+    swapchain->destroy();
+
+    // Destroy the Vulkan Device
+    VulkanManager::getInstance()->getDevice()->destroy();
+
+    // Delete the layer validators.
+    validators->destroy(validationRequired, vulkan);
+
+    // Delete the surface and Vulkan instance.
+    vkDestroySurfaceKHR(vulkan, surface, nullptr);
+    vkDestroyInstance(vulkan, nullptr);
+
+    vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
+
+    // Delete allocated memory for our own data.
+    delete buffers;
+    delete renderTexture;
+    delete renderPass;
+    delete swapchain;
+    delete device;
+    delete validators;
+}

projs/shadow/shadow-runtime/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED)
 
-add_executable(shadow-runtime src/main.cpp)
+FILE(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES src/*.cpp src/*.h)
+
+add_executable(shadow-runtime ${SOURCES})
 
 target_include_directories(shadow-runtime PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 target_link_libraries(shadow-runtime PRIVATE SDL2::Main shadow-engine)