Adjust ASM generation to account for c11 pointer arithmetic standards

include/Data.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 extern_ struct SymbolTable Symbols[SYMBOLS];
 
+extern_ int   TypeSizes[9];
 extern_ char* TypeNames[9];
 
 extern_ char* TokenStrings[];

include/Defs.h

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ enum SyntaxOps {
     LV_IDENT,           // Write an identifier in the form of an l-value.
 
     OP_WIDEN,           // Something contains a type that needs to be casted up
+    OP_SCALE,           // We have a pointer that needs to be scaled!
 
     OP_CALL,            // Call a function
     OP_RET,             // Return from a function
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ struct ASTNode {
     struct ASTNode* Middle;
     struct ASTNode* Right;
     union {
+        int Size;     // OP_SCALE's linear representation
         int IntValue; // TERM_INTLIT's Value
         int ID;       // LV_IDENT's Symbols[] index.
     } Value;
@@ -190,14 +192,21 @@ enum StructureType {
 
 int Tokenise(struct Token* Token);
 
-int TypesCompatible(int* Left, int* Right, int STRICT);
-
 void VerifyToken(int Type, char* TokenExpected);
 void RejectToken(struct Token* Token);
 
 static int ReadIdentifier(int Char, char* Buffer, int Limit);
 static int ReadKeyword(char* Str);
 
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ * * * * *     T Y P E S     * * * * * *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+struct ASTNode* MutateType(struct ASTNode* Tree, int RightType, int Operation);
+
+int TypeIsInt(int Type);
+int TypeIsPtr(int Type);
+
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  * * * * * *    S Y N T A X      T R E E     * * * * * *
@@ -318,6 +327,8 @@ int NewLabel(void);
 void AsJmp(int Label);
 void AsLabel(int Label);
 
+int AsShl(int Register, int Val);
+
 int AsReturn(int Register, int FuncID);
 int AsCall(int Register, int FuncID);
 

src/Assembler.c

@@ -83,6 +83,18 @@ int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
         case OP_DIVIDE:
             return AsDiv(LeftVal, RightVal);
             
+        case OP_SCALE:
+            // We can (ab)use the powers of 2 to do
+            // efficient scaling with bitshifting.
+            switch(Node->Value.Size) {
+                case 2: return AsShl(LeftVal, 1);
+                case 4: return AsShl(LeftVal, 2);
+                case 8: return AsShl(LeftVal, 3);
+                
+                default:
+                    RightVal = AsLoad(Node->Value.Size);
+                    return AsMul(LeftVal, RightVal);
+            }
         case OP_ADDRESS:
             return AsAddr(Node->Value.ID);
 
@@ -344,6 +356,12 @@ int AsDiv(int Left, int Right) {
     return Left;
 }
 
+int AsShl(int Register, int Val) {
+    printf("\tShifting %s to the left by %d bits.\n", Registers[Register], Val);
+    fprintf(OutputFile, "\tsalq\t$%d, %s\n", Val, Registers[Register]);
+    return Register;
+}
+
 int AsLdVar(int ID) {
     int Reg = RetrieveRegister();
 
@@ -431,8 +449,16 @@ void AsNewSymb(int ID) {
 
     TypeSize = PrimitiveSize(Symbols[ID].Type);
 
-    fprintf(OutputFile, "\t.comm\t%s, %d, %d\n", Symbols[ID].Name, TypeSize, TypeSize);
+    fprintf(OutputFile, "\t.data\n"
+                        "\t.globl\t%s\n",
+                                          Symbols[ID].Name);
     
+    switch(TypeSize) {
+        case 1: fprintf(OutputFile, "%s:\t.byte\t0\n", Symbols[ID].Name);
+        case 4: fprintf(OutputFile, "%s:\t.long\t0\n", Symbols[ID].Name);
+        case 8: fprintf(OutputFile, "%s:\t.quad\t0\n", Symbols[ID].Name);
+        default: DieDecimal("Unknown type in AsNewSymbol", TypeSize);
+    }
 }
 
 int AsCall(int Register, int FuncID) {

src/Main.c

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 #undef extern_
 #include <errno.h>
 
+
+int TypeSizes[9] = { 0,      1,      4,     8,      0,      8,         8,        8,         8}; // in BYTES
+
 char* TokenStrings[] = { "+", "-", "*", "/", "int" };
 char* TokenNames[] = {
     "End of file",

src/Parser.c

@@ -144,35 +144,11 @@ struct ASTNode* ParsePrimary(void) {
 }
 
 
-struct ASTNode* ParseNewASTNode(void) {
-    //fprintf(stdout, "New node requested.");
-    struct ASTNode* LeftNode, *RightNode;
-    int NodeType;
-
-
-    LeftNode = ParsePrimary(); // Fetches next token!
-
-    // If there's just a number, then this is the AST Node.
-    // Return, as the root of the tree is the end of the tree.
-    if(CurrentToken.type == LI_EOF)
-        return(LeftNode);
-
-
-    NodeType = ParseTokenToOperation(CurrentToken.type);
-
-    Tokenise(&CurrentToken);
-
-    RightNode = ParseNewASTNode();
-
-    return ConstructASTNode(NodeType, LeftNode->ExprType, LeftNode, NULL, RightNode, 0);
-}
-
-
-
 struct ASTNode* ParsePrecedenceASTNode(int PreviousTokenPrecedence) {
     struct ASTNode* LeftNode, *RightNode;
+    struct ASTNode* LeftTemp, *RightTemp;
     int LeftType, RightType;
-    int NodeType;
+    int NodeType, OpType;
 
     LeftNode = PrefixStatement();
 
@@ -190,8 +166,45 @@ struct ASTNode* ParsePrecedenceASTNode(int PreviousTokenPrecedence) {
         LeftType = LeftNode->ExprType;
         RightType = RightNode->ExprType;
 
-        if(!TypesCompatible(&LeftType, &RightType, 0))
-            Die("Assignment between incompatible types");
+        /**
+         * While parsing this node, we may need to widen some types.
+         * This requires a few functions and checks.
+         */
+
+        OpType = ParseTokenToOperation(NodeType);
+        LeftTemp = MutateType(LeftNode, RightType, OpType);
+        RightTemp = MutateType(RightNode, LeftType, OpType);
+
+        /**
+         * If both are null, the types are incompatible.
+         */
+
+        if(LeftTemp == NULL && RightTemp == NULL)
+            Die("Incompatible types in parsing nodes");
+
+        /**
+         * If the left was valid, or valid for 
+         *  expansion, then it will be non-null.
+         * 
+         * If it was valid, then this will be 
+         *  equivalent to LeftNode = LeftNode
+         */
+
+        if(LeftTemp)
+            LeftNode = LeftTemp;
+        
+        /**
+         * Same here, but there is a higher chance
+         * for the right node to be incompatible due
+         * to the nature of widening types.
+         */
+        
+        if(RightTemp)
+            RightNode = RightTemp;
+
+        /**
+         * Checks over, back to normal parsing.
+         */
         
         if(LeftType)
             LeftNode = ConstructASTBranch(LeftType, RightNode->ExprType, LeftNode, 0);
@@ -439,29 +452,3 @@ void ParseGlobals() {
 }
 
 
-/* void ParseStatements() {
-    while(1) {
-        switch(CurrentToken.type) {
-
-            case KW_PRINT:
-                PrintStatement();
-                break;
-            
-            case TY_INT:
-                BeginVariableDeclaration();
-                break;
-            
-            case TY_IDENTIFIER:
-                AssignVariable();
-                break;
-            
-            case LI_EOF:
-                return;
-
-            default:
-                DieDecimal("Syntax error; Token", CurrentToken.type);
-        }
-    }
-} */
-
-

src/Statements.c

@@ -8,110 +8,6 @@
 #include <Data.h>
 
 
-/*
- * Turn a token type into its appropriate
- *  primitive type. 
- * 
- * This is where we do redirections like:
- *  short -> s16
- *  long -> s64
- *  int -> s32
- *  char -> u8
- * 
- */
-
-static int TypeSize[9] = { 0,      1,      4,     8,      0,      8,         8,        8,         8}; // in BYTES
-
-int PrimitiveSize(int Type) {
-    if(Type < RET_NONE || Type > PTR_VOID)
-        DieDecimal("Checking size of bad data type", Type);
-    
-    return TypeSize[Type];
-}
-
-/*
- * Given two types, determine if they are compatible.
- * 
- *  Depending on the value of STRICT, it will try to
- *      fit the right value into the left value.
- *  
- *  This is valid, for ie. a char into an int, as int is larger than char.
- *      This is called widening the char.
- * 
- *  If STRICT is set, it will only allow widening the left to the right.
- *      This means you cannot `char a; int b; b = 15000; a = b;`
- *      As this would shrink the int and lose resolution.
- *  
- *  NOTE: THIS IS NOT THE DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
- *      By default, you CAN shrink an int into a char, a la shifting down.
- * 
- * 
- */
-
-int TypesCompatible(int* Left, int* Right, int STRICT) {
-
-    int LeftSize, RightSize;
-
-    // Same types are compatible. No shrinking required
-    if(*Left == *Right) {
-        *Left = *Right = 0;
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    LeftSize = PrimitiveSize(*Left);
-    RightSize = PrimitiveSize(*Right);
-
-
-    // Types of size 0 are incompatible
-    if((LeftSize == 0) || (RightSize == 0))
-        return 0;
-
-
-    /*  char x;
-     *  int y;
-     *  y = 15;
-     * 
-     *  x = y;
-     *      x needs to be widened, y copied in, then x shrunk back down
-     *      AKA, the left must be widened.
-     */
-    if(LeftSize < RightSize) {
-        *Left = OP_WIDEN;
-        *Right = 0;
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * char x;
-     * int y;
-     * 
-     * x = 15;
-     * 
-     * y = x;
-     *      x must be widened to fit into y.
-     *      if STRICT mode, this is not allowed.
-     *      By default, this is valid.
-     * 
-     */
-
-    if(LeftSize > RightSize) {
-        if(STRICT)
-            return 0; // Not compatible if STRICT
-        
-        *Left = 0;
-        *Right = OP_WIDEN;
-        return 1; // Compatible by default
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Any other cases left, by default, are compatible.
-     * 
-     */
-
-    *Left = *Right = 0;
-    return 1;
-
-}
 
 /*
  * Handles the declaration of a type of a variable.
@@ -208,7 +104,8 @@ struct ASTNode* ReturnStatement() {
     ReturnType = Tree->ExprType;
     FunctionType = Symbols[CurrentFunction].Type;
 
-    if(!TypesCompatible(&ReturnType, &FunctionType, 0))
+    Tree = MutateType(Tree, FunctionType, 0);
+    if(!Tree)
         Die("Returning a value of incorrect type for function");
     
 
@@ -225,13 +122,18 @@ struct ASTNode* ReturnStatement() {
 }
 
 /*
- * Handles the assignment of variables.
+ * Handles Identifiers.
  * 
- * You can assign variables with an assignment,
+ * This is called for any of:
+ *  - Calling a function
+ *  - Assigning an lvalue variable
+ *  - Performing arithmetic on a variable
+ *  - Performing arithmetic with the return values of function calls
+ * 
+ * For the case where you're assigning an l-value;
+ *  You can assign with another assignment,
  *   a statement, a function or a literal.
  * 
- * This means we need to do some recursive parsing.
- * 
  */
 
 struct ASTNode* ParseIdentifier() {
@@ -259,8 +161,9 @@ struct ASTNode* ParseIdentifier() {
     LeftType = Left->ExprType;
     RightType = Right->ExprType;
 
-    if(!TypesCompatible(&LeftType, &RightType, 1))
-        Die("Incompatible variable types");
+    Left = MutateType(Left, RightType, 0);
+    if(!Left)
+        Die("Incompatible types in assignment");
     
     if(LeftType)
         Left = ConstructASTBranch(LeftType, Right->ExprType, Left, 0);
@@ -363,7 +266,8 @@ struct ASTNode* PrintStatement(void) {
     LeftType = RET_INT;
     RightType = Tree->ExprType;
 
-    if(!TypesCompatible(&LeftType, &RightType, 0))
+    Tree = MutateType(Tree, RightType, 0);
+    if(!Tree)
         DieDecimal("Attempting to print an invalid type:", RightType);
     
     if(RightType)

src/Types.c

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+/*************/
+/*GEMWIRE    */
+/*    ERYTHRO*/
+/*************/
+
+#include <Defs.h>
+#include <Data.h>
+
+/*
+ * Turn a token type into its appropriate
+ *  primitive type. 
+ * 
+ * This is where we do redirections like:
+ *  short -> s16
+ *  long -> s64
+ *  int -> s32
+ *  char -> u8
+ * 
+ */
+
+int PrimitiveSize(int Type) {
+    if(Type < RET_NONE || Type > PTR_VOID)
+        DieDecimal("Checking size of bad data type", Type);
+    
+    return TypeSizes[Type];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given two types, determine if they are compatible.
+ * 
+ *  Depending on the value of STRICT, it will try to
+ *      fit the right value into the left value.
+ *  
+ *  This is valid, for ie. a char into an int, as int is larger than char.
+ *      This is called widening the char.
+ * 
+ *  If STRICT is set, it will only allow widening the left to the right.
+ *      This means you cannot `char a; int b; b = 15000; a = b;`
+ *      As this would shrink the int and lose resolution.
+ *  
+ *  NOTE: THIS IS NOT THE DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
+ *      By default, you CAN shrink an int into a char, a la shifting down.
+ * 
+ * 
+ */
+
+int TypesCompatible(int* Left, int* Right, int STRICT) {
+
+    int LeftSize, RightSize;
+
+    // Same types are compatible. No shrinking required
+    if(*Left == *Right) {
+        *Left = *Right = 0;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    LeftSize = PrimitiveSize(*Left);
+    RightSize = PrimitiveSize(*Right);
+
+
+    // Types of size 0 are incompatible
+    if((LeftSize == 0) || (RightSize == 0))
+        return 0;
+
+
+    /*  char x;
+     *  int y;
+     *  y = 15;
+     * 
+     *  x = y;
+     *      x needs to be widened, y copied in, then x shrunk back down
+     *      AKA, the left must be widened.
+     */
+    if(LeftSize < RightSize) {
+        *Left = OP_WIDEN;
+        *Right = 0;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * char x;
+     * int y;
+     * 
+     * x = 15;
+     * 
+     * y = x;
+     *      x must be widened to fit into y.
+     *      if STRICT mode, this is not allowed.
+     *      By default, this is valid.
+     * 
+     */
+
+    if(LeftSize > RightSize) {
+        if(STRICT)
+            return 0; // Not compatible if STRICT
+        
+        *Left = 0;
+        *Right = OP_WIDEN;
+        return 1; // Compatible by default
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Any other cases left, by default, are compatible.
+     * 
+     */
+
+    *Left = *Right = 0;
+    return 1;
+
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Given an operation on two types, we need to be able to
+ *  determine if the operation is valid for both types,
+ *  as well as modify the types if the operation is 
+ *   theoretically valid but requires some changes.
+ *  
+ * An example of the latter is assigning an int literal into
+ *  a char, or squeezing down the int into the char type.
+ * 
+ * If the operation is not valid, this will return NULL.
+ * If the operaton is valid without changes, this will return Tree.
+ * If the operation is valid with changes, this will perform
+ *  the changes and return the new tree.
+ * 
+ * This also serves to consolidate some of the gross widening
+ *  code that TypesCompatible led us to.
+ */
+
+struct ASTNode* MutateType(struct ASTNode* Tree, int RightType, int Operation) {
+    int LeftType;
+    int LeftSize, RightSize;
+
+    LeftType = Tree->ExprType;
+
+
+    if(TypeIsInt(LeftType) && TypeIsInt(RightType)) {
+
+        // Short-circuit for valid types
+        if(LeftType == RightType) {
+            return Tree;
+        }
+
+        LeftSize = PrimitiveSize(LeftType);
+        RightSize = PrimitiveSize(RightType);
+
+        /**
+         * LeftSize > RightSize:
+         *  char x = 15000;
+         * 
+         * (The left branch of the tree contains the current AST)
+         * 
+         */
+        if(LeftSize > RightSize)
+            return NULL;
+
+        /**
+         * RightSize > LeftSize:
+         *  char x = 5;
+         *  int y = x;
+         * 
+         * We have to widen x into an int in order for this to be compatible
+         *  BUT it is possible!
+         */
+
+        if(RightSize > LeftSize)
+            return ConstructASTBranch(OP_WIDEN, RightType, Tree, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Left branch pointers are compatible if we're not doing operations
+    if(TypeIsPtr(LeftType)) {
+        if(Operation == 0 && LeftType == RightType)
+            return Tree;
+    }
+
+
+    // Otherwise, we can perform some scaling for pointer addition & subtraction
+    if(Operation == OP_ADD || Operation == OP_SUBTRACT) {
+
+        /**
+         * Left int, right pointer:
+         *  int x = 5;
+         *  int* y;
+         * 
+         *  x = *(y + 1);
+         */
+
+        if(TypeIsInt(LeftType) && TypeIsPtr(RightType)) {
+            RightSize = PrimitiveSize(ValueAt(RightType));
+
+            if(RightSize > 1)
+                return ConstructASTBranch(OP_SCALE, RightType, Tree, RightSize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If all else fails, we've constructed a combination of types that are not compatible.
+    // ie. left or right is a void.
+    // You cannot do pointer arithmetic on void type.
+    return NULL;
+}