Finish commenting all files

This commit is contained in:
Curle 2021-01-21 20:01:30 +00:00
parent 01d293f2c6
commit e19a945934
Signed by: TheCurle
GPG Key ID: 5942F13718443F79
3 changed files with 193 additions and 50 deletions

View File

@ -9,16 +9,17 @@
/*
* If the entry in UsedRegisters
* that correlates to the position of a register in Registers
* is 1,
* then that register is classed as used -
* it has useful data inside it.
* Stores how many hardware registers are being used at any one time.
* It is empirically proven that only 4 clobber registers are
* needed for any arbitrary length program.
*
* If UsedRegisters[i] =? 1, then Registers[i] contains useful data.
* If UsedRegisters[i] =? 0, then Registers[i] is unused.
*
* if the entry is 0, then it is free.
*/
static int UsedRegisters[4];
/* The https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions#Microsoft_x64_calling_convention
* calling convention on Windows requires that
* the last 4 arguments are placed in registers
@ -26,25 +27,43 @@ static int UsedRegisters[4];
* This order must be preserved, and they must be placed
* right to left.
*
* That is the reason for the weird arrangement here.
* The parameter registers are last, in reverse order.
* The 4 clobber registers are first, and the 4 parameter registers are last.
*/
static char* Registers[8] = { "%r10", "%r11" , "%r12" , "%r13", "%r9" , "%r8", "%rdx", "%rcx" };
static char* DoubleRegisters[8] = { "%r10d", "%r11d", "%r12d", "%r13d", "%r9d", "%r8d", "%edx", "%ecx" };
static char* ByteRegisters[8] = { "%r10b", "%r11b", "%r12b", "%r13b", "%r9b", "%r8b", "%dl" , "%cl" };
/*
* For ease of reading later code, we store the valid x86 comparison instructions,
* and the inverse jump instructions together, in a synchronized fashion.
*/
static char* Registers[10] = { "%rsi", "%rdi", "%r10", "%r11" , "%r12" , "%r13", "%r9" , "%r8", "%rdx", "%rcx" };
static char* DoubleRegisters[10] = { "%esi", "%edi", "%r10d", "%r11d", "%r12d", "%r13d", "%r9d", "%r8d", "%edx", "%ecx" };
static char* ByteRegisters[10] = { "%sil", "%dil", "%r10b", "%r11b", "%r12b", "%r13b", "%r9b", "%r8b", "%dl" , "%cl" };
static char* Comparisons[6] = { "sete", "setne", "setl", "setg", "setle", "setge" };
static char* InvComparisons[6] = { "jne", "je", "jge", "jle", "jg", "jl"};
// How far above the base pointer is the last local?
static int LocalVarOffset;
// How far must we lower the base pointer to retrieve the parameters?
static int StackFrameOffset;
/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * R O O T O F A S S E M B L E R * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
// Just a short "hack" to make sure we only dump the tree the first time this function is called
static int Started = 0;
/*
* Walk the AST tree given, and generate the assembly code that represents
* it.
*
* @param Node: The current Node to compile. If needed, its children will be parsed recursively.
* @param Register: The index of Registers to store the result of the current compilation.
* @param ParentOp: The Operation of the parent of the current Node.
*
* @return dependant on the Node. Typically the Register that stores the result of the Node's operation.
*
*/
int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
int LeftVal, RightVal;
if(!Started && OptDumpTree)
@ -83,14 +102,6 @@ int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
if(Node->Right)
RightVal = AssembleTree(Node->Right, LeftVal, Node->Operation);
/* if(Node->Operation == TERM_INTLITERAL)
printf("int %d\n", Node->IntValue);
else
printf("%d %s %d\n", LeftVal, TokenStrings[Node->Operation], RightVal);
*/
switch(Node->Operation) {
case OP_ADD:
return AsAdd(LeftVal, RightVal);
@ -141,31 +152,13 @@ int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
case OP_WIDEN:
printf("\tWidening types..\r\n");
return LeftVal; //AsWiden(LeftVal, Node->Left->ExprType, Node->ExprType);
return LeftVal;
case OP_RET:
printf("\tReturning from %s\n", Node->Symbol->Name);
AsReturn(FunctionEntry, LeftVal);
return -1;
/* case OP_EQUAL:
return AsEqual(LeftVal, RightVal);
case OP_INEQ:
return AsIneq(LeftVal, RightVal);
case OP_LESS:
return AsLess(LeftVal, RightVal);
case OP_GREAT:
return AsGreat(LeftVal, RightVal);
case OP_LESSE:
return AsLessE(LeftVal, RightVal);
case OP_GREATE:
return AsGreatE(LeftVal, RightVal); */
case OP_EQUAL:
case OP_INEQ:
case OP_LESS:
@ -179,7 +172,6 @@ int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
case REF_IDENT:
//printf("\tReferencing variable %s %s with type %s and storage %d\r\n", Symbols[Node->Value.ID].Name, Node->RVal ? " rval " : "", ParentOp, Symbols[Node->Value.ID].Storage);
if(Node->RVal || ParentOp == OP_DEREF) {
if(Node->Symbol->Storage == SC_LOCAL || Node->Symbol->Storage == SC_PARAM)
return AsLdLocalVar(Node->Symbol, Node->Operation);
@ -199,11 +191,6 @@ int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
DeallocateAllRegisters();
return -1;
/* case OP_LOOP:
// We only do while for now..
return AsWhile(Node);
break; */
case OP_BITAND:
return AsBitwiseAND(LeftVal, RightVal);
@ -252,24 +239,31 @@ int AssembleTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int Register, int ParentOp) {
* * * * R E G I S T E R M A N A G E M E N T * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
// Set all Registers to unused.
void DeallocateAllRegisters() {
UsedRegisters[0] = UsedRegisters[1] = UsedRegisters[2] = UsedRegisters[3] = 0;
}
/*
* Search for an unused register, allocate it, and return it.
* If none available, cancel compilation.
*/
int RetrieveRegister() {
//printf("Current state of registers: %x, %x, %x, %x\n", UsedRegisters[0], UsedRegisters[1], UsedRegisters[2], UsedRegisters[3]);
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if(UsedRegisters[i] == 0) {
UsedRegisters[i] = 1;
return i;
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "Out of registers!\n");
exit(1);
}
/*
* Set the given register to unused.
* If the register is not used, it is an invalid state.
* @param Register: The Registers index to deallocate.
*/
void DeallocateRegister(int Register) {
if(UsedRegisters[Register] != 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error trying to free register %d\n", Register);
@ -283,10 +277,25 @@ void DeallocateRegister(int Register) {
* * * * * * S T A C K M A N A G E M E N T * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
/*
* Prepare a new stack frame pointer.
* This resets the highest local.
*
*/
void AsNewStackFrame() {
LocalVarOffset = 0;
}
/*
* Given the type of input, how far do we need to go down the stack frame
* to store or retrieve this type?
*
* The stack must be 4-bytes aligned, so we set a hard minimum.
*
* @param Type: The DataTypes we want to store.
* @return the offset to store the type, taking into account the current state of the stack frame.
*
*/
int AsCalcOffset(int Type) {
LocalVarOffset += PrimitiveSize(Type) > 4 ? PrimitiveSize(Type) : 4;
return -LocalVarOffset;
@ -296,12 +305,19 @@ int AsCalcOffset(int Type) {
* * * * C O D E G E N E R A T I O N * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
/*
* A way to keep track of the largest label number.
* Call this function to increase the number SRG-like.
*
* @return the highest available label number
*
*/
int NewLabel(void) {
static int id = 1;
return id++;
}
// Assemble an If statement
int AsIf(struct ASTNode* Node) {
int FalseLabel, EndLabel;
@ -333,6 +349,7 @@ int AsIf(struct ASTNode* Node) {
return -1;
}
// Assemble a comparison
int AsCompare(int Operation, int RegisterLeft, int RegisterRight) {
printf("Comparing registers %d & %d\n", RegisterLeft, RegisterRight);
@ -346,6 +363,7 @@ int AsCompare(int Operation, int RegisterLeft, int RegisterRight) {
return RegisterRight;
}
// Assemble an inverse comparison (a one-line jump)
int AsCompareJmp(int Operation, int RegisterLeft, int RegisterRight, int Label) {
if(Operation < OP_EQUAL || Operation > OP_GREATE)
Die("Bad Operation in AsCompareJmp");
@ -359,16 +377,24 @@ int AsCompareJmp(int Operation, int RegisterLeft, int RegisterRight, int Label)
return -1;
}
// Assemble an immediate jump
void AsJmp(int Label) {
printf("\t\tJumping to label %d\n", Label);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tjmp\tL%d\n", Label);
}
/* Create a new base label
* @param Label: The number to create the label of
*/
void AsLabel(int Label) {
printf("\tCreating label %d\n", Label);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\nL%d:\n", Label);
}
/*
* Assemble a new global string into the data segment.
* @param Value: The name of the string, as a string
*/
int AsNewString(char* Value) {
int Label = NewLabel();
char* CharPtr;
@ -382,12 +408,17 @@ int AsNewString(char* Value) {
return Label;
}
/*
* Load a string into a Register.
* @param ID: the Label number of the string
*/
int AsLoadString(int ID) {
int Register = RetrieveRegister();
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tleaq\tL%d(\%%rip), %s\r\n", ID, Registers[Register]);
return Register;
}
// Assemble a While loop
int AsWhile(struct ASTNode* Node) {
int BodyLabel, BreakLabel;
@ -418,6 +449,7 @@ int AsWhile(struct ASTNode* Node) {
}
// Load a value into a register.
int AsLoad(int Value) {
int Register = RetrieveRegister();
@ -428,6 +460,7 @@ int AsLoad(int Value) {
return Register;
}
// Assemble an addition.
int AsAdd(int Left, int Right) {
printf("\tAdding Registers %s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\taddq\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
@ -437,6 +470,7 @@ int AsAdd(int Left, int Right) {
return Right;
}
// Assemble a multiplication.
int AsMul(int Left, int Right) {
printf("\tMultiplying Registers %s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\timulq\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
@ -446,6 +480,7 @@ int AsMul(int Left, int Right) {
return Right;
}
// Assemble a subtraction.
int AsSub(int Left, int Right) {
printf("\tSubtracting Registers %s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tsubq\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Right], Registers[Left]);
@ -455,6 +490,7 @@ int AsSub(int Left, int Right) {
return Left;
}
// Assemble a division.
int AsDiv(int Left, int Right) {
printf("\tDividing Registers %s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tmovq\t%s, %%rax\n", Registers[Left]);
@ -467,12 +503,18 @@ int AsDiv(int Left, int Right) {
return Left;
}
// Assemble an ASL
int AsShl(int Register, int Val) {
printf("\tShifting %s to the left by %d bits.\n", Registers[Register], Val);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tsalq\t$%d, %s\n", Val, Registers[Register]);
return Register;
}
/*
* Load a global variable into a register, with optional pre/post-inc/dec
* @param Entry: The variable to load.
* @param Operation: An optional SyntaxOps element
*/
int AsLdGlobalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Operation) {
int Reg = RetrieveRegister();
@ -543,6 +585,11 @@ int AsLdGlobalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Operation) {
return Reg;
}
/*
* Store a value from a register into a global variable.
* @param Entry: The variable to store into.
* @param Regsiter: The Registers index containing the value to store.
*/
int AsStrGlobalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Register) {
printf("\tStoring contents of %s into %s, type %d, globally:\n", Registers[Register], Entry->Name, Entry->Type);
@ -568,6 +615,12 @@ int AsStrGlobalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Register) {
return Register;
}
/*
* Load a value from a local variable into a register, with optional post/pre-inc/dec
* @param Entry: The local variable to read
* @param Operation: An optional SyntaxOps entry
*/
int AsLdLocalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Operation) {
int Reg = RetrieveRegister();
@ -638,6 +691,12 @@ int AsLdLocalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Operation) {
return Reg;
}
/*
* Store a value from a register into a local variable.
* @param Entry: The local variable to write to.
* @param Register: The Registers index containing the desired value
*
*/
int AsStrLocalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Register) {
printf("\tStoring contents of %s into %s, type %d, locally\n", Registers[Register], Entry->Name, Entry->Type);
@ -663,6 +722,7 @@ int AsStrLocalVar(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Register) {
return Register;
}
// Assemble a pointerisation
int AsAddr(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
int Register = RetrieveRegister();
printf("\tSaving pointer of %s into %s\n", Entry->Name, Registers[Register]);
@ -671,6 +731,7 @@ int AsAddr(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
return Register;
}
// Assemble a dereference
int AsDeref(int Reg, int Type) {
int DestSize = PrimitiveSize(ValueAt(Type));
@ -693,6 +754,7 @@ int AsDeref(int Reg, int Type) {
return Reg;
}
// Assemble a store-through-dereference
int AsStrDeref(int Register1, int Register2, int Type) {
printf("\tStoring contents of %s into %s through a dereference, type %d\n", Registers[Register1], Registers[Register2], Type);
@ -711,6 +773,7 @@ int AsStrDeref(int Register1, int Register2, int Type) {
return Register1;
}
// Assemble a global symbol (variable, struct, enum, function, string)
void AsGlobalSymbol(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
int TypeSize;
@ -732,6 +795,7 @@ void AsGlobalSymbol(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
}
}
// Assemble a function call, with all associated parameter bumping and stack movement.
int AsCallWrapper(struct ASTNode* Node) {
struct ASTNode* CompositeTree = Node->Left;
int Register, Args = 0;
@ -747,6 +811,7 @@ int AsCallWrapper(struct ASTNode* Node) {
return AsCall(Node->Symbol, Args);
}
// Copy a function argument from Register to argument Position
void AsCopyArgs(int Register, int Position) {
if(Position > 4) { // Args above 4 go on the stack
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tpushq\t%s\n", Registers[Register]);
@ -755,6 +820,8 @@ void AsCopyArgs(int Register, int Position) {
}
}
// Assemble an actual function call.
// NOTE: this should not be called. Use AsCallWrapper.
int AsCall(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Args) {
int OutRegister = RetrieveRegister();
@ -771,6 +838,7 @@ int AsCall(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Args) {
return OutRegister;
}
// Assemble a function return.
int AsReturn(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Register) {
printf("\t\tCreating return for function %s\n", Entry->Name);
@ -794,39 +862,46 @@ int AsReturn(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry, int Register) {
}
AsJmp(Entry->EndLabel);
}
// Assemble a =?
int AsEqual(int Left, int Right) {
// Set the lowest bit if left = right
return AsCompare(OP_EQUAL, Left, Right);
}
// Assemble a !=
int AsIneq(int Left, int Right) {
// Set the lowest bit if left != right
return AsCompare(OP_INEQ, Left, Right);
}
// Assemble a <
int AsLess(int Left, int Right) {
// Set the lowest bit if left < right
return AsCompare(OP_LESS, Left, Right);
}
// Assemble a >
int AsGreat(int Left, int Right) {
// Set the lowest bit if left > right
return AsCompare(OP_GREAT, Left, Right);
}
// Assemble a <=
int AsLessE(int Left, int Right) {
// Set the lowest bit if left <= right
return AsCompare(OP_LESSE, Left, Right);
}
// Assemble a =>
int AsGreatE(int Left, int Right) {
// Set the lowest bit if left => right
return AsCompare(OP_GREATE, Left, Right);
}
// Assemble a print statement
void AssemblerPrint(int Register) {
printf("\t\tPrinting Register %s\n", Registers[Register]);
@ -837,34 +912,40 @@ void AssemblerPrint(int Register) {
DeallocateRegister(Register);
}
// Assemble a &
int AsBitwiseAND(int Left, int Right) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tandq\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
DeallocateRegister(Left);
return Right;
}
// Assemble a |
int AsBitwiseOR(int Left, int Right) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\torq\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
DeallocateRegister(Left);
return Right;
}
// Assemble a ^
int AsBitwiseXOR(int Left, int Right) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\txorq\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Left], Registers[Right]);
DeallocateRegister(Left);
return Right;
}
// Assemble a ~
int AsNegate(int Register) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tnegq\t%s\n", Registers[Register]);
return Register;
}
// Assemble a !
int AsInvert(int Register) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tnotq\t%s\n", Registers[Register]);
return Register;
}
// Assemble a !
int AsBooleanNOT(int Register) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\ttest\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Register], Registers[Register]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tsete\t%s\n", ByteRegisters[Register]);
@ -872,6 +953,7 @@ int AsBooleanNOT(int Register) {
return Register;
}
// Assemble a <<
int AsShiftLeft(int Left, int Right) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tmovb\t%s, \%%cl\n", ByteRegisters[Right]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tshlq\t\%%cl, %s\n", Registers[Left]);
@ -879,6 +961,7 @@ int AsShiftLeft(int Left, int Right) {
return Left;
}
// Assemble a >>
int AsShiftRight(int Left, int Right) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tmovb\t%s, \%%cl\n", ByteRegisters[Right]);
fprintf(OutputFile, "\tshrq\t\%%cl, %s\n", Registers[Left]);
@ -886,6 +969,8 @@ int AsShiftRight(int Left, int Right) {
return Left;
}
// Assemble a conversion from arbitrary type to boolean.
// Facilitates if(ptr)
int AsBooleanConvert(int Register, int Operation, int Label) {
fprintf(OutputFile, "\ttest\t%s, %s\n", Registers[Register], Registers[Register]);
@ -903,6 +988,7 @@ int AsBooleanConvert(int Register, int Operation, int Label) {
return Register;
}
// Assemble the start of an assembly file
void AssemblerPreamble() {
DeallocateAllRegisters();
fputs(
@ -912,6 +998,15 @@ void AssemblerPreamble() {
OutputFile);
}
/*
* Assemble a function block for the Entry.
* Handles all stack logic for local variables,
* as well as copying parameters out of registers and
* into the spill space.
*
* @param Entry: The function to generate
*
*/
void AsFunctionPreamble(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
char* Name = Entry->Name;
struct SymbolTableEntry* Param, *Local;
@ -958,6 +1053,8 @@ void AsFunctionPreamble(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
}
// Assemble the epilogue of a function
void AsFunctionEpilogue(struct SymbolTableEntry* Entry) {
AsLabel(Entry->EndLabel);

View File

@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ char* Suffixate(char* String, char Suffix) {
* Opens the input and output files,
* Parses the global symbols of the file, including function blocks.
* Generates the assembly representation of the source code
* Saves said assembly into the OutputFile
* Returns the name of the file containing the generated assembly.
* Note that the Input file must have a valid extension.
* For Erythro code, this is .er
* The generated assembly will have the extension .s
*
* @param InputFile: The filename of the Erythro Source code to compile
* @return the filename of the generated PECOFF32+ assembly
*/
char* Compile(char* InputFile) {
char* OutputName;
@ -93,6 +101,20 @@ char* Compile(char* InputFile) {
return OutputName;
}
/*
* Processes the output from the Compile function.
* Passes the generated .s file to (currently, as of
* 21/01/2021), the GNU GAS assembler, to create an
* object file.
*
* It does this by invoking the command on a shell.
* TODO: fork it?
*
* @param InputFile: The .s assembly file to be processed
* @output the name of the generated object file.
*
*/
char* Assemble(char* InputFile) {
char Command[TEXTLEN];
int Error;
@ -116,6 +138,18 @@ char* Assemble(char* InputFile) {
return OutputName;
}
/*
* Processes the outputted object files, turning them into an executable.
* It does this by invoking (currently, as of 21/01/2021) the GNU GCC
* compiler.
* It invokes GCC rather than LD so that it automatically links against
* libc and the CRT natives.
*
* @param Output: The desired name for the executable.
* @param Objects: A list of the Object files to be linked.
*
*/
void Link(char* Output, char* Objects[]) {
int Count, Size = TEXTLEN, Error;
char Command[TEXTLEN], *CommandPtr;
@ -143,7 +177,16 @@ void Link(char* Output, char* Objects[]) {
}
}
/*
* Prints information about the available flags and
* how to structure the command.
* @param ProgName: The name of the file that was
* attempted to run.
*/
void DisplayUsage(char* ProgName) {
fprintf(stderr, "Erythro Compiler v5 - Gemwire Institute\n");
fprintf(stderr, "***************************************\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -[vcST] {-o output} file [file ...]\n", ProgName);
fprintf(stderr, " -v: Verbose Output Level\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -c: Compile without Linking\n");

View File

@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ static int GenerateSrg() {
return srgId++;
}
/*
* Walk the Node tree, and dump the AST tree to stdout.
*/
void DumpTree(struct ASTNode* Node, int level) {
int Lfalse, Lstart, Lend;